{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:00:03Z","timestamp":1784840403850,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,15]],"date-time":"2014-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Biofilm formation by nontypeable (NT)\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            remains a controversial topic. Nevertheless, biofilm-like structures have been observed in the middle-ear mucosa of experimental chinchilla models of otitis media (OM). To date, there have been no studies of biofilm formation in large collections of clinical isolates. This study aimed to investigate the initial adhesion to a solid surface and biofilm formation by NT\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            by comparing isolates from healthy carriers, those with noninvasive respiratory disease, and those with invasive respiratory disease. We used 352 isolates from patients with nonbacteremic community-acquired pneumonia (NB-CAP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), OM, and invasive disease and a group of healthy colonized children. We then determined the speed of initial adhesion to a solid surface by the BioFilm ring test and quantified biofilm formation by crystal violet staining. Isolates from different clinical sources displayed high levels of biofilm formation on a static solid support after growth for 24 h. We observed clear differences in initial attachment and biofilm formation depending on the pathology associated with NT\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolation, with significantly increased biofilm formation for NT\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates collected from patients with invasive disease and OM compared with NT\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">H. influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates from patients with NB-CAP or COPD and healthy colonized subjects. In all cases, biofilm structures were detached by proteinase K treatment, suggesting an important role for proteins in the initial adhesion and static biofilm formation measured by crystal violet staining.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02544-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,6]],"date-time":"2014-09-06T07:23:24Z","timestamp":1409988204000},"page":"7088-7095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Increased Biofilm Formation by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Invasive Disease or Otitis Media versus Strains Recovered from Cases of Respiratory Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"Puig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, IDIBELL\u2014Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Research Network for 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