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We describe identification by culture, PCR, and housekeeping gene sequencing of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bartonella<\/jats:named-content>spp. in fed, wingless deer keds (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lipoptena cervi<\/jats:named-content>), deer ked pupae, and blood samples collected from moose,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Alces alces<\/jats:named-content>, sampled within the deer ked distribution range in Norway. Direct sequencing from moose blood sampled in a deer ked-free area also indicated<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bartonella<\/jats:named-content>infection but at a much lower prevalence. The sequencing data suggested the presence of mixed infections involving two species of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bartonella<\/jats:named-content>within the deer ked range, while moose outside the range appeared to be infected with a single species.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bartonella<\/jats:named-content>were not detected or cultured from unfed winged deer keds. The results may indicate that long-term bacteremia in the moose represents a reservoir of infection and that<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. cervi<\/jats:named-content>acts as a vector for the spread of infection of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bartonella<\/jats:named-content>spp. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. cervi<\/jats:named-content>in the transmission of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bartonella<\/jats:named-content>to animals and humans and the possible pathogenicity of these bacteria for humans and animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02632-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,27]],"date-time":"2012-10-27T04:40:06Z","timestamp":1351312806000},"page":"322-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Bartonella Infections in Deer Keds (Lipoptena cervi) and Moose (Alces alces) in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Duodu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Madslien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hjelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ylva","family":"Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Paziewska-Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip D.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan J.","family":"Colquhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rnar","family":"Ytrehus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A monograph of the Melophaginae or ked flies of sheep, goats, deer and antelopes (Diptera, Hippoboscidae)","volume":"22","author":"Bequaert J","year":"1942","unstructured":"BequaertJ. 1942. 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