{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:30:48Z","timestamp":1780324248958,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Corynebacterium glutamicum<\/jats:italic>\n            accumulates up to 300 mM of inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) in the cytosol or in granules. The gene products of cg0488 (\n            <jats:italic>ppx1<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and cg1115 (\n            <jats:italic>ppx2<\/jats:italic>\n            ) were shown to be active as exopolyphosphatases (PPX), as overexpression of either gene resulted in higher exopolyphosphatase activities in crude extracts and deletion of either gene with lower activities than those of the wild-type strain. PPX1 and PPX2 from\n            <jats:italic>C. glutamicum<\/jats:italic>\n            share only 25% identical amino acids and belong to different protein groups, which are distinct from enterobacterial, archaeal, and yeast exopolyphosphatases. In comparison to that in the wild type, more intracellular PolyP accumulated in the \u0394\n            <jats:italic>ppx1<\/jats:italic>\n            and \u0394\n            <jats:italic>ppx2<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion mutations but less when either\n            <jats:italic>ppx1<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>ppx2<\/jats:italic>\n            was overexpressed. When\n            <jats:italic>C. glutamicum<\/jats:italic>\n            was shifted from phosphate-rich to phosphate-limiting conditions, a growth advantage of the deletion mutants and a growth disadvantage of the overexpression strains compared to the wild type were observed. Growth experiments, exopolyphosphatase activities, and intracellular PolyP concentrations revealed PPX2 as being a major exopolyphosphatase from\n            <jats:italic>C. glutamicum<\/jats:italic>\n            . PPX2\n            <jats:sup>His<\/jats:sup>\n            was purified to homogeneity and shown to be active as a monomer. The enzyme required Mg\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            or Mn\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            cations but was inhibited by millimolar concentrations of Mg\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            , Mn\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            , and Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            . PPX2 from\n            <jats:italic>C. glutamicum<\/jats:italic>\n            was active with short-chain polyphosphates, even accepting pyrophosphate, and was inhibited by nucleoside triphosphates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02705-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,21]],"date-time":"2009-03-21T01:10:10Z","timestamp":1237597810000},"page":"3161-3170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Exopolyphosphatases PPX1 and PPX2 from\n            <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Steffen N.","family":"Lindner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Westphalian Wilhelms University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Knebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Wesseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Westphalian Wilhelms University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried M.","family":"Schoberth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker F.","family":"Wendisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Westphalian Wilhelms University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54198-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406909101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.10.4812-4819.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"3535","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eggeling, L., and O. 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