{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:28:12Z","timestamp":1791646092556,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , 18 mutations leading to premature stop codons (PMSCs) in the virulence gene\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been identified to date. While most of these mutations represent nucleotide substitutions, a frameshift deletion in a 5\u2032 seven-adenine homopolymeric tract (HT) in\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    has also been reported. This HT may play a role in phase variation and was first identified among\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n                    lineage II ribotype DUP-1039C isolates. In order to better understand the distribution of different\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations in this ribotype, a newly developed multiplex real-time PCR assay was used to screen 368 DUP-1039C isolates from human, animal, and food-associated sources for three known 5\u2032\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    HT alleles: (i) wild-type (WT) (A\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), (ii) frameshift (FS) (A\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and (iii) guanine interruption (A\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    GA\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) alleles. Additionally, 228 DUP-1039C isolates were screened for all\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    PMSCs; data on the presence of all\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    PMSCs for the other 140 isolates were obtained from previous studies. The statistical analysis based on 191 epidemiologically unrelated strains showed that strains with\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    PMSC mutations (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 41) were overrepresented among food-associated isolates, while strains encoding full-length InlA (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 150) were overrepresented among isolates from farm animals and their environments. Furthermore, the A\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    allele was overrepresented and the A\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    allele was underrepresented among food isolates, while the A\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    allele was underrepresented among farm and animal isolates. Our results indicate that genetic variation in\n                    <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n                    contributes to niche adaptation within the lineage II subtype DUP-1039C.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02752-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,25]],"date-time":"2015-09-25T20:28:28Z","timestamp":1443212908000},"page":"8339-8345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Prevalence and Distribution of Listeria monocytogenes\n                    <i>inlA<\/i>\n                    Alleles Prone to Phase Variation and\n                    <i>inlA<\/i>\n                    Alleles with Premature Stop Codon Mutations among Human, Food, Animal, and Environmental Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Clyde S.","family":"Manuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado 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