{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1790401202151,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Fast typing methods that can easily and accurately distinguish clonal groups and unrelated isolates are of particular interest for microbiologists confronted with outbreaks or performing epidemiological studies. Highly discriminatory universal methods, like PFGE, optical mapping, or WGS, are expensive and\/or time-consuming. MLST is useful for phylogeny but is less discriminatory and requires sequencing facilities. PCR methods, which are fast and easy to perform, also have drawbacks. Random PCRs and REP-PCR are universal but lack reproducibility. Other PCR methods may lack the discriminatory power to differentiate isolates during outbreaks. MLVA combines the advantages of PCR methods with a high discriminatory power but in its standard form requires sequencing capillary electrophoresis. The method that we have developed combines the advantages of standard PCR (simple, fast, and inexpensive) with the high discriminatory power of MLVA and permits the typing of all\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates (either intestinal or extraintestinal pathogenic isolates as well as commensal isolates).\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02812-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T17:47:36Z","timestamp":1546883256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Rapid and Simple Universal\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            Genotyping Method Based on Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis Using Single-Tube Multiplex PCR and Standard Gel Electrophoresis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Cam\u00e9l\u00e9na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Associ\u00e9 Escherichia coli, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, AP-HP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Birgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Associ\u00e9 Escherichia coli, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, AP-HP, Paris, France"},{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine","family":"Smail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Associ\u00e9 Escherichia coli, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, AP-HP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Courroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Associ\u00e9 Escherichia coli, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, AP-HP, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mariani-Kurkdjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Associ\u00e9 Escherichia coli, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, AP-HP, Paris, France"},{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Le Hello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 des Bact\u00e9ries Pathog\u00e8nes Ent\u00e9riques, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bonacorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Associ\u00e9 Escherichia coli, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, AP-HP, Paris, France"},{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bidet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Microbiologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Associ\u00e9 Escherichia coli, H\u00f4pital Robert-Debr\u00e9, AP-HP, Paris, France"},{"name":"IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2002.121550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000","volume":"81","author":"Kosek M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL. 2003. 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