{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:00:00Z","timestamp":1792404000824,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease. This bacterium is ubiquitous in aqueous environments and uses amoebae as an intracellular replicative niche. Real-time PCR has been developed for rapid detection of\n            <jats:italic>Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA in water samples. In addition to culturable bacteria, this method may also detect dead and viable but noncultivable (VBNC) legionellae. In order to understand the significance of positive PCR results in this setting, we prepared water samples containing known concentrations of\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            and analyzed them comparatively by means of conventional culture, real-time PCR, viability labeling, and immunodetection (solid-phase cytometry). We also examined the influence of chlorination on the results of the four methods. The different techniques yielded similar results for nonchlorinated water samples but not for chlorinated samples. After treatment for 24 h with 0.5 and 1 ppm chlorine, all cultures were negative, PCR and immunodetection showed about 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            genome units and bacteria\/ml, and total-viable-count (TVC) labeling detected 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            and 10\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            metabolically active bacteria\/ml, respectively. Thus, PCR also detected bacteria that were VBNC. The recoverability of VBNC forms was confirmed by 5 days of coculture with\n            <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba polyphaga<\/jats:italic>\n            . Therefore, some TVC-positive bacteria were potentially infective. These data show that\n            <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n            PCR detects not only culturable bacteria but also VBNC forms and dead bacterial DNA at low chlorine concentrations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02899-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,31]],"date-time":"2008-05-31T01:32:29Z","timestamp":1212197549000},"page":"4817-4824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["A PCR-Based Method for Monitoring\n            <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n            in Water Samples Detects Viable but Noncultivable Legionellae That Can Recover Their Cultivability"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Dusserre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Lyon"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Lyon 1, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, F-69008 Lyon"},{"name":"INSERM U851, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Laennec, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372 Lyon cedex 08"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Le\u0301gionelles, F-69677 Bron"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Ginevra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Lyon"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Lyon 1, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, F-69008 Lyon"},{"name":"INSERM U851, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Laennec, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372 Lyon cedex 08"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Le\u0301gionelles, F-69677 Bron"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Hallier-Soulier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socie\u0301te\u0301 GeneSystems, 1 rue du Courtil, Centre d'Affaires CICEA, Ba\u0302timent 1, F-35170 Bruz, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327ois","family":"Vandenesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Lyon"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Lyon 1, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, F-69008 Lyon"},{"name":"INSERM U851, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Laennec, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372 Lyon cedex 08"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Le\u0301gionelles, F-69677 Bron"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Festoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Socie\u0301te\u0301 GeneSystems, 1 rue du Courtil, Centre d'Affaires CICEA, Ba\u0302timent 1, F-35170 Bruz, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Etienne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Lyon"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Lyon 1, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, F-69008 Lyon"},{"name":"INSERM U851, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Laennec, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372 Lyon cedex 08"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Le\u0301gionelles, F-69677 Bron"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Jarraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Lyon"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Lyon 1, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, F-69008 Lyon"},{"name":"INSERM U851, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Laennec, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372 Lyon cedex 08"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Le\u0301gionelles, F-69677 Bron"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mae\u0308lle","family":"Molmeret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 de Lyon"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Lyon 1, Faculte\u0301 Laennec, F-69008 Lyon"},{"name":"INSERM U851, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Laennec, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, F-69372 Lyon cedex 08"},{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Le\u0301gionelles, F-69677 Bron"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6391-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(97)81902-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.03195.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/w05-156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.4086-4096.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.21.6145-6150.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"European guidelines for control and prevention of travel associated Legionnaires' disease supplement 1B. 2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4738-4746.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.3.883-892.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01245.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2801-2808.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.785-787.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/ame025301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01178.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00075-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1996.0209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.2.356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00292-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2007.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1997.00382.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03967.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.01126.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00248-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.5.2047-2053.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bp0602597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.9.5022-5028.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.9.3985-3993.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.3433-3441.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02399-06"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.02899-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.02899-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T16:39:52Z","timestamp":1645634392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.02899-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.02899-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.02899-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-05-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}