{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:21:45Z","timestamp":1792981305552,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]],"date-time":"2013-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a serious illness that afflicts women of premenopausal age worldwide and arises from vaginal infection by\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and concurrent production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Studies have illustrated the capacity of lactobacilli to reduce\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    virulence, including the capacity to suppress TSST-1. We hypothesized that an aberrant microbiota characteristic of pathogenic bacteria would induce the increased production of TSST-1 and that this might represent a risk factor for the development of TSS. A\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    TSST-1 reporter strain was grown in the presence of vaginal swab contents collected from women with a clinically healthy vaginal status, women with an intermediate status, and those diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Bacterial supernatant challenge assays were also performed to test the effects of aerobic vaginitis (AV)-associated pathogens toward TSST-1 production. While clinical samples from healthy and BV women suppressed toxin production,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies demonstrated that\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spp. significantly induced TSST-1 production, while some\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    spp. suppressed it. The findings suggest that women colonized by\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and with AV, but not BV, may be more susceptible to menstrual TSS and would most benefit from prophylactic treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02908-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,12]],"date-time":"2013-01-12T01:58:28Z","timestamp":1357955908000},"page":"1835-1842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Influence of the Vaginal Microbiota on Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Production by Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Roderick A.","family":"MacPhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research &amp; Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research &amp; Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory B.","family":"Gloor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research &amp; Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Anne","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research &amp; Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Family Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research &amp; Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Research &amp; Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary of notifiable diseases\u2014United States, 2009","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. 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