{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:25:22Z","timestamp":1791343522992,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]],"date-time":"2015-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            is an expanding genus of major zoonotic pathogens, including at least 10 genetically very close species occupying a wide range of niches from soil to wildlife, livestock, and humans. Recently, we have shown that in the new species\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella microti<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the glutamate decarboxylase (Gad)-dependent system (GAD system) contributes to survival at a pH of 2.5 and also to infection in mice by the oral route. In order to study the functionality of the GAD system in the genus\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            , 47 isolates, representative of all known species and strains of this genus, and 16 strains of the closest neighbor genus,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ochrobactrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , were studied using microbiological, biochemical, and genetic approaches. In agreement with the genome sequences, the GAD system of classical species was not functional, unlike that of most strains of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella ceti<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella pinnipedialis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and newly described species (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. microti<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella inopinata<\/jats:named-content>\n            BO1,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. inopinata<\/jats:named-content>\n            -like BO2, and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            sp. isolated from bullfrogs). In the presence of glutamate, these species were more acid resistant\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            than classical terrestrial brucellae. Expression in\n            <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n            of the\n            <jats:italic>gad<\/jats:italic>\n            locus from representative\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            species in the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            MG1655 mutant strain lacking the GAD system restored the acid-resistant phenotype. The highly conserved GAD system of the newly described or atypical\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            species may play an important role in their adaptation to acidic external and host environments. Furthermore, the GAD phenotype was shown to be a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish these latter\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ochrobactrum<\/jats:named-content>\n            and from classical terrestrial pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella<\/jats:named-content>\n            species, which are GAD negative.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02928-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,8]],"date-time":"2014-11-08T06:58:59Z","timestamp":1415429939000},"page":"578-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Glutamate Decarboxylase-Dependent Acid Resistance in Brucella spp.: Distribution and Contribution to Fitness under Extremely Acidic Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Maria Alessandra","family":"Damiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, Centre d'\u00c9tudes d'Agents Pathog\u00e8nes et Biotechnologies pour la Sant\u00e9 (CPBS), Montpellier, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR 5236, CPBS, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bastianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Al Dahouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, Centre d'\u00c9tudes d'Agents Pathog\u00e8nes et Biotechnologies pour la Sant\u00e9 (CPBS), Montpellier, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR 5236, CPBS, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Cloeckaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Nouzilly, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"De Biase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Occhialini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Montpellier, Centre d'\u00c9tudes d'Agents Pathog\u00e8nes et Biotechnologies pour la Sant\u00e9 (CPBS), Montpellier, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR 5236, CPBS, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Brucella: relationship to other Alphaproteobacteria, current taxonomy and the emergence of new species","author":"Scholz HC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scholz HC, K\u00e4mpfer P, Cloeckaert A. 2012. 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