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Antibiotic resistance and new emerging diseases pose great challenges in the field of microbiology. Cave systems, in which actinobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant, represent new opportunities for the discovery of novel bacterial species and the study of their interactions with emergent pathogens. White-nose syndrome is an invasive bat disease caused by the fungus<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudogymnoascus destructans<\/jats:named-content>, which has killed more than six million bats in the last 7 years. In this study, we isolated naturally occurring actinobacteria from white-nose syndrome (WNS)-free bats from five cave systems and surface locations in the vicinity in New Mexico and Arizona, USA. We sequenced the 16S rRNA region and tested 632 isolates from 12 different bat species using a bilayer plate method to evaluate antifungal activity. Thirty-six actinobacteria inhibited or stopped the growth of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. destructans<\/jats:named-content>, with 32 (88.9%) actinobacteria belonging to the genus<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptomyces<\/jats:named-content>. Isolates in the genera<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rhodococcus<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptosporangium<\/jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Luteipulveratus<\/jats:named-content>, and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Nocardiopsis<\/jats:named-content>also showed inhibition. Twenty-five of the isolates with antifungal activity against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. destructans<\/jats:named-content>represent 15 novel<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptomyces<\/jats:named-content>spp. based on multilocus sequence analysis. Our results suggest that bats in western North America caves possess novel bacterial microbiota with the potential to inhibit<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. destructans<\/jats:named-content>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>This study reports the largest collection of actinobacteria from bats with activity against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudogymnoascus destructans<\/jats:named-content>, the fungal causative agent of white-nose syndrome. Using multigene analysis, we discovered 15 potential novel species. This research demonstrates that bats and caves may serve as a rich reservoir for novel<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptomyces<\/jats:named-content>species with antimicrobial bioactive compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.03057-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]],"date-time":"2016-12-23T17:51:06Z","timestamp":1482515466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6168-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paris S.","family":"Hamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Caimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana E.","family":"Northup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest W.","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie C.","family":"Buecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buecher Biological Consulting, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Dunlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Labeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiloh","family":"Lueschow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Porras-Alfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.12388"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00206.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195150667.001.0001","volume-title":"Streptomyces in nature and medicine: the antibiotic makers","author":"Hopwood DA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hopwood DA . 2007. 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