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As a result of ecological changes, the incidences of tick-borne infections are expected to increase. In this study, 1,394 nymphal and adult\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            ticks sampled monthly during the active season from 33 ecologically distinct collection sites throughout Luxembourg were screened for all human tick-borne pathogens relevant in Central Europe. Species were identified by sequence analysis of detection PCR amplicons. Mean infection rates of ticks were 11.3% for\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            sensu lato, 5.1% for\n            <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n            sp., 2.7% for\n            <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n            sp., and 1.9% for\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            . No tick was found to be infected with\n            <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic>\n            sp.,\n            <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp., or\n            <jats:italic>Tick-borne encephalitis virus<\/jats:italic>\n            (TBEV). A total of 3.2% of ticks were infected with more than one pathogen species, including mixed\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n            infections (1.5%). Seasonal variations of tick infection rates were observed for\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            , possibly reflecting a behavioral adaptation strategy of questing ticks. A positive correlation between the grade of urbanization and\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n            infection rate of ticks was observed, suggesting an established urban zoonotic cycle. We also found\n            <jats:italic>Hepatozoon canis<\/jats:italic>\n            (0.1%) and\n            <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n            (0.3%), which so far have not been found in questing\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            ticks in Central Europe.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.03061-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,13]],"date-time":"2010-03-13T02:09:25Z","timestamp":1268446165000},"page":"2923-2931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Prevalence and Seasonality of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Questing\n            <i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i>\n            Ticks from Luxembourg"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Reye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory\/CRP Sante\u0301, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Hu\u0308bschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory\/CRP Sante\u0301, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aure\u0301lie","family":"Sausy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory\/CRP Sante\u0301, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude P.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory\/CRP Sante\u0301, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.10.6418-6422.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1298-1301.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.9.5494-5500.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1502.081247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00035-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"115","volume":"238","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casati, S., M. 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