{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:29:59Z","timestamp":1791606599793,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Spreading manure containing antibiotics in agriculture is assumed to stimulate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial populations. Plant roots influencing the soil environment and its microflora by exudation of growth substrates might considerably increase this effect. In this study, the effects of manure from pigs treated with sulfadiazine (SDZ), here called SDZ manure, on the abundance and transferability of sulfonamide resistance genes\n            <jats:italic>sul1<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>sul2<\/jats:italic>\n            in the rhizosphere of maize and grass were compared to the effects in bulk soil in a field experiment. In plots that repeatedly received SDZ manure, a significantly higher abundance of both\n            <jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>\n            genes was detected compared to that in plots where manure from untreated pigs was applied. Significantly lower abundances of\n            <jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>\n            genes relative to bacterial ribosomal genes were encountered in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil. However, in contrast to results for bulk soil, the\n            <jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>\n            gene abundance in the SDZ manure-treated rhizosphere constantly deviated from control treatments over a period of 6 weeks after manuring, suggesting ongoing antibiotic selection over this period. Transferability of sulfonamide resistance was analyzed by capturing resistance plasmids from soil communities into\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Increased rates of plasmid capture were observed in samples from SDZ manure-treated bulk soil and the rhizosphere of maize and grass. More than 97% of the captured plasmids belonged to the LowGC type (having low G+C content), giving further evidence for their important contribution to the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, differences between bulk soil and rhizosphere need to be considered when assessing the risks associated with the spreading of antibiotic resistance.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.03172-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,12]],"date-time":"2013-01-12T06:58:28Z","timestamp":1357973908000},"page":"1704-1711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Increased Abundance and Transferability of Resistance Genes after Field Application of Manure from Sulfadiazine-Treated Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Jechalke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut\u2014Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kopmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut\u2014Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Rosendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Soil Science and Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Groeneweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 3, Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich GmbH, J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Weichelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius K\u00fchn-Institut\u2014Federal Research 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