{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T02:28:19Z","timestamp":1766888899114,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003195","name":"Ministerie van Economische Zaken","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BO-20-016-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO-20-016-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamases (pAmpC) are enzymes able to hydrolyze a large variety of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams. Broilers and broiler meat products can be highly contaminated with ESBL- and pAmpC-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains, also known as extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains, and can be a source for human infections. As few data on interventions to reduce the presence of ESC-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            in broilers are available, we used transmission experiments to examine the role of competitive exclusion (CE) on reducing transmission and excretion in broilers. A broiler model to study the transmission of ESC-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            was set up. Day-old chickens were challenged with an ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain isolated from healthy broilers in the Netherlands. Challenged and not challenged chicks were housed together in pairs or in groups, and ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            transmission was monitored via selective culturing of cloacal swab specimens. We observed a statistically significant reduction in both the transmission and excretion of ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            in chicks treated with the probiotic flora before\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            challenge compared to the transmission and excretion in untreated controls. In conclusion, our results support the use of competitive exclusion as an intervention strategy to control ESC-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the field.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamases are a primary cause of resistance to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics among members of the family\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in humans, animals, and the environment. Food-producing animals are not exempt from this, with a high prevalence being seen in broilers, and there is evidence pointing to a possible foodborne source for human contamination. We investigated the effect of administration of a commercial probiotic product as an intervention to reduce the amount of ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            in broilers. Our results showed a substantial reduction in the level of colonization of broiler intestines by ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            after administration of commercial probiotic product. The protective effect provided by these probiotics could be implemented on a larger scale in poultry production. Reductions in the levels of ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the food chain would considerably benefit public health.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.03439-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]],"date-time":"2017-03-18T03:01:17Z","timestamp":1489806077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Competitive Exclusion Reduces Transmission and Excretion of Extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Broilers"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alieda","family":"van Essen-Zandbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bregtje","family":"Smid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kees T.","family":"Veldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gert Jan","family":"Boender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egil A. 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