{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:42:53Z","timestamp":1789868573334,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A novel genomic island (LGI1) was discovered in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates responsible for the deadliest listeriosis outbreak in Canada, in 2008. To investigate the functional role of LGI1, the outbreak strain 08-5578 was exposed to food chain-relevant stresses, and the expression of 16 LGI1 genes was measured. LGI1 genes with putative efflux (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:italic>emrE<\/jats:italic>\n            [\n            <jats:italic>\n              emrE\n              <jats:sub>Lm<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            ]), regulatory (\n            <jats:italic>lmo1851<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and adhesion (\n            <jats:italic>sel1<\/jats:italic>\n            ) functions were deleted, and the mutants were exposed to acid (HCl), cold (4\u00b0C), salt (10 to 20% NaCl), and quaternary ammonium-based sanitizers (QACs). Deletion of\n            <jats:italic>lmo1851<\/jats:italic>\n            had no effect on the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            stress response, and deletion of\n            <jats:italic>sel1<\/jats:italic>\n            did not influence Caco-2 and HeLa cell adherence\/invasion, whereas deletion of\n            <jats:italic>emrE<\/jats:italic>\n            resulted in increased susceptibility to QACs (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05) but had no effect on the MICs of gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, acriflavine, and triclosan. In the presence of the QAC benzalkonium chloride (BAC; 5 \u03bcg\/ml), 14\/16 LGI1 genes were induced, and\n            <jats:italic>lmo1861<\/jats:italic>\n            (putative repressor gene) was constitutively expressed at 4\u00b0C, 37\u00b0C, and 52\u00b0C and in the presence of UV exposure (0 to 30 min). Following 1 h of exposure to BAC (10 \u03bcg\/ml), upregulation of\n            <jats:italic>emrE<\/jats:italic>\n            (49.6-fold),\n            <jats:italic>lmo1851<\/jats:italic>\n            (2.3-fold),\n            <jats:italic>lmo1861<\/jats:italic>\n            (82.4-fold), and\n            <jats:italic>sigB<\/jats:italic>\n            (4.1-fold) occurred. Reserpine visibly suppressed the growth of the \u0394\n            <jats:italic>\n              emrE\n              <jats:sub>Lm<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            strain, indicating that QAC tolerance is due at least partially to efflux activity. These data suggest that a minimal function of LGI1 is to increase the tolerance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            to QACs via\n            <jats:italic>\n              emrE\n              <jats:sub>Lm<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            . Since QACs are commonly used in the food industry, there is a concern that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains possessing\n            <jats:italic>emrE<\/jats:italic>\n            will have an increased ability to survive this stress and thus to persist in food processing environments.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.03741-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,21]],"date-time":"2015-11-21T04:04:54Z","timestamp":1448078694000},"page":"939-953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes to Quaternary Ammonium Sanitizers Is Mediated by a Novel Efflux Pump Encoded by emrE"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jovana","family":"Kovacevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Wa\u0142ecka-Zacharska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleisha","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Kitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Gilmour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"},{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"476","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen","volume":"55","author":"Farber JM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Farber JM, Peterkin PI. 1991. 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