{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:27:43Z","timestamp":1790112463107,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education, Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R221-000-042-133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R221-000-042-133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001361","name":"Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R221-000-054-101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R221-000-054-101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Periodontal disease is associated with changes in the composition of the oral microflora, where health-associated oral streptococci decrease while Gram-negative anaerobes predominate in disease. A key feature of periodontal disease-associated anaerobes is their ability to produce hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) abundantly as a by-product of anaerobic metabolism. So far, H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S has been reported to be either cytoprotective or cytotoxic by modulating bacterial antioxidant defense systems. Although oral anaerobes produce large amounts of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S, the potential effects of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S on oral streptococci are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S on the survival and biofilm formation of oral streptococci. The growth and biofilm formation of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus mitis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus oralis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    were inhibited by H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S. However, H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S did not significantly affect the growth of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    or\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . The differential susceptibility of oral streptococci to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S was attributed to differences in the intracellular concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH). In the absence of GSH, H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S elicited its toxicity through an iron-dependent mechanism. Collectively, our results showed that H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S exerts antimicrobial effects on certain oral streptococci, potentially contributing to the decrease in health-associated plaque microflora.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.03946-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T20:41:19Z","timestamp":1453495279000},"page":"2078-2085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Reduced Glutathione Mediates Resistance to H\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    S Toxicity in Oral Streptococci"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Xi Jia","family":"Ooi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai 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