{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:32:25Z","timestamp":1789497145330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Manure spills into streams are relatively frequent, but no studies have characterized stream contamination with zoonotic and veterinary pathogens, or fecal chemicals, following a spill. We tested stream water and sediment over 25 days and downstream for 7.6 km for the following: fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), the fecal indicator chemicals cholesterol and coprostanol, 20 genes for zoonotic and swine-specific bacterial pathogens by presence\/absence PCR for viable cells, one swine-specific\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    toxin gene (STII gene) by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and nine human and animal viruses by qPCR or reverse transcription-qPCR. Twelve days postspill, and 4.2 km downstream, water concentrations of FIB, cholesterol, and coprostanol were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those detected before, or above, the spill, and genes indicating viable zoonotic or swine-infectious\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n                    were detected in water or sediment. STII gene levels increased from undetectable before or above the spill to 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/100 ml of water 12 days postspill. Thirteen of 14 water (8\/9 sediment) samples had viable STII-carrying cells postspill. Eighteen days postspill, porcine adenovirus and teschovirus were detected 5.6 km downstream. FIB concentrations (per gram [wet weight]) in sediment were greater than in water, and sediment was a continuous reservoir of genes and chemicals postspill. Constituent concentrations were much lower, and detections less frequent, in a runoff event (200 days postspill) following manure application, although the swine-associated STII and\n                    <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2e<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes were detected. Manure spills are an underappreciated pathway for livestock-derived contaminants to enter streams, with persistent environmental outcomes and the potential for human and veterinary health consequences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.04195-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,13]],"date-time":"2015-03-13T22:25:41Z","timestamp":1426285541000},"page":"3430-3441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Genes Indicative of Zoonotic and Swine Pathogens Are Persistent in Stream Water and Sediment following a Swine Manure Spill"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Sheridan K.","family":"Haack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Duris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana W.","family":"Kolpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen E.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Focazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kellogg J.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Literature review of contaminants in livestock and poultry manure and implications for water quality","author":"US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2013","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. 2013. Literature review of contaminants in livestock and poultry manure and implications for water quality. EPA 820-R-13-002. US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10104507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-8741-6_7","volume-title":"Genetic engineering, biofertilisation, soil quality and organic farming","author":"Armstrong SD","year":"2010","unstructured":"Armstrong SD, Smith DR, Owens PR, Joern B, Williams C. 2010. Manure spills and remediation methods to improve water quality, p 201\u2013215. 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