{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:02:14Z","timestamp":1789531334780,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Flies may act as potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria to different environments. This study was intended to evaluate the presence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains resistant to cephalosporins in flies captured in the areas surrounding five broiler farms. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the resistant population was performed by different methods: MIC determination, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and phylotyping. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, their plasmid location, and the mobile genetic elements involved in their mobilization were studied. Additionally, the presence of 35 genes associated with virulence was evaluated. Out of 682 flies captured, 42 yielded ESBL-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Of these isolates, 23 contained\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n            , 18 contained\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n            , and 1 contained\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M-9<\/jats:sub>\n            . ESBL genes were associated mainly with the presence of the IncI1 and IncFIB replicons. Additionally, all the strains were multiresistant, and five of them also harbored\n            <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n            . Identical PFGE profiles were found for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates obtained from flies at different sampling times, indicating a persistence of the same clones in the farm environment over months. According to their virulence genes, 81% of the isolates were considered avian-pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (APEC) and 29% were considered extraintestinal pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (ExPEC). The entrance of flies into broiler houses constitutes a considerable risk for colonization of broilers with multidrug-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            . ESBLs in flies reflect the contamination status of the farm environment. Additionally, this study demonstrates the potential contribution of flies to the dissemination of virulence and resistance genes into different ecological niches.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.04252-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,21]],"date-time":"2015-03-21T03:46:35Z","timestamp":1426909595000},"page":"3604-3611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Houseflies (Musca domestica) as Vectors for Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli on Spanish Broiler Farms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Sol\u00e0-Gin\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Cameron-Veas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Piedra-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cerd\u00e0-Cu\u00e9llar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Migura-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroaliment\u00e0ries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3483-3489.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05057-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2008001000015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01944-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02616-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"Biology and disease transmission","author":"Greenberg B","year":"1973","unstructured":"Greenberg B. 1973. 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