{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:58:53Z","timestamp":1790855933915,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The long- and short-term effects of salt on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes were studied in an aerobic granular sludge reactor. The microbial community structure was investigated by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) on 16S rRNA and\n                    <jats:italic>amoA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. PCR products obtained from genomic DNA and from rRNA after reverse transcription were compared to determine the presence of bacteria as well as the metabolically active fraction of bacteria. Fluorescence\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization (FISH) was used to validate the PCR-based results and to quantify the dominant bacterial populations. The results demonstrated that ammonium removal efficiency was not affected by salt concentrations up to 33 g\/liter NaCl. Conversely, a high accumulation of nitrite was observed above 22 g\/liter NaCl, which coincided with the disappearance of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Nitrospira<\/jats:named-content>\n                    sp. Phosphorus removal was severely affected by gradual salt increase. No P release or uptake was observed at steady-state operation at 33 g\/liter NaCl, exactly when the polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), \u201c\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candidatus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    Accumulibacter phosphatis\u201d bacteria, were no longer detected by PCR-DGGE or FISH. Batch experiments confirmed that P removal still could occur at 30 g\/liter NaCl, but the long exposure of the biomass to this salinity level was detrimental for PAOs, which were outcompeted by glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) in the bioreactor. GAOs became the dominant microorganisms at increasing salt concentrations, especially at 33 g\/liter NaCl. In the comparative analysis of the diversity (DNA-derived pattern) and the activity (cDNA-derived pattern) of the microbial population, the highly metabolically active microorganisms were observed to be those related to ammonia (\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Nitrosomonas<\/jats:named-content>\n                    sp.) and phosphate removal (\u201c\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candidatus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    Accumulibacter\u201d).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.05016-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,16]],"date-time":"2011-09-16T22:06:58Z","timestamp":1316210818000},"page":"7942-7953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Effect of Elevated Salt Concentrations on the Aerobic Granular Sludge Process: Linking Microbial Activity with Microbial Community Structure"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"J. 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