{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:26:18Z","timestamp":1790306778221,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]],"date-time":"2011-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Q fever, caused by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            , is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. A large rural area in the southeast of the Netherlands was heavily affected by Q fever between 2007 and 2009. This initiated the development of a robust and internally controlled multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            DNA in veterinary and environmental matrices on suspected Q fever-affected farms. The qPCR detects three\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            targets (\n            <jats:italic>icd<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>com1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and IS\n            <jats:italic>1111<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and one\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            internal control target (\n            <jats:italic>cry1b<\/jats:italic>\n            ).\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            spores were added to samples to control both DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The performance of the qPCR assay was investigated and showed a high efficiency; a limit of detection of 13.0, 10.6, and 10.4 copies per reaction for the targets\n            <jats:italic>icd<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>com1<\/jats:italic>\n            , and IS\n            <jats:italic>1111<\/jats:italic>\n            , respectively; and no cross-reactivity with the nontarget organisms tested. Screening for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            DNA on 29 suspected Q fever-affected farms during the Q fever epidemic in 2008 showed that swabs from dust-accumulating surfaces contained higher levels of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            DNA than vaginal swabs from goats or sheep. PCR inhibition by coextracted substances was observed in some environmental samples, and 10- or 100-fold dilutions of samples were sufficient to obtain interpretable signals for both the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            targets and the internal control. The inclusion of an internal control target and three\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            targets in one multiplex qPCR assay showed that complex veterinary and environmental matrices can be screened reliably for the presence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n            DNA during an outbreak.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.05097-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,23]],"date-time":"2011-07-23T04:45:40Z","timestamp":1311396340000},"page":"6516-6523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Complex Matrices by Using Multiplex Quantitative PCR during a Major Q Fever Outbreak in The Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"de Heer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. R.","family":"Wielinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hamans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (VWA), P.O. Box 19506, 2500 CM Den Haag, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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