{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:06:12Z","timestamp":1791198372395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gpd1 and Gpd2 are the two isoforms of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), which is the rate-controlling enzyme of glycerol formation in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Saccharomyces cerevisiae.<\/jats:named-content>\n                    The two isoenzymes play crucial roles in osmoregulation and redox balancing. Past approaches to increase ethanol yield at the cost of reduced glycerol yield have most often been based on deletion of either one or two isogenes (\n                    <jats:italic>GPD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GPD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). While single deletions of\n                    <jats:italic>GPD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>GPD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduced glycerol formation only slightly, the\n                    <jats:italic>gpd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>gpd2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394 double deletion strain produced zero glycerol but showed an osmosensitive phenotype and abolished anaerobic growth. Our current approach has sought to generate \u201cintermediate\u201d phenotypes by reducing both isoenzyme activities without abolishing them. To this end, the\n                    <jats:italic>GPD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter was replaced in a\n                    <jats:italic>gpd2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394 background by two lower-strength\n                    <jats:italic>TEF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter mutants. In the same manner, the activity of the\n                    <jats:italic>GPD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter was reduced in a\n                    <jats:italic>gpd1\u0394<\/jats:italic>\n                    background. The resulting strains were crossed to obtain different combinations of residual\n                    <jats:italic>GPD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GPD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression levels. Among our engineered strains we identified four candidates showing improved ethanol yields compared to the wild type. In contrast to a\n                    <jats:italic>gpd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>gpd2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394 double-deletion strain, these strains were able to completely ferment the sugars under quasi-anaerobic conditions in both minimal medium and during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of liquefied wheat mash (wheat liquefact). This result implies that our strains can tolerate the ethanol concentration at the end of the wheat liquefact SSF (up to 90 g liter\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Moreover, a few of these strains showed no significant reduction in osmotic stress tolerance compared to the wild type.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.05338-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,4]],"date-time":"2011-07-04T07:30:31Z","timestamp":1309764631000},"page":"5857-5867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Gpd1 and Gpd2 Fine-Tuning for Sustainable Reduction of Glycerol Formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Georg","family":"Hubmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31\u2013Bus 2438, B-3001 Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31\u2013Bus 2438, B-3001 Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Guillouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"INRA, UMR792, Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes Biologiques et des Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, F-31400 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Nevoigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31\u2013Bus 2438, B-3001 Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28579 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.9.3187-3195.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.14.6.4135-4144.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-004-0352-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-003-1393-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.9.2179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.3.2134-2140.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.1.128-132.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00429-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"BoulahyaK. 2005. Evaluation des potentialit\u00e9s fermentaires de souches mut\u00e9es de S. cerevisiae en vue d'une production nulle de glyc\u00e9rol dans une fermentation \u00e9thanolique. Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse INSA Toulouse France."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2005.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioeng.2007.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.9.4448-4456.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-005-1902-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"Process engineering economics of bioethanol production","volume":"108","author":"Galbe M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"GalbeM. SassnerP. WingrenA. ZacchiG.. 2007. Process engineering economics of bioethanol production. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 108:303\u2013327.","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00353.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.7.2022-2028.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.320070307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01772-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.6.e23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-010-0864-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.2.300-372.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.058552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"The alcohol textbook: a reference for the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries","author":"Kelsall D. R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"KelsallD. R. LyonsT. P.. 2003. Grain dry milling and cooking procedures: extracting sugars in preparation for fermentation, p. 9\u201321. In JaquesK. A. LyonsT. P. KelsallD. R.(ed.), The alcohol textbook: a reference for the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries, 4th ed. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, United Kingdom.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"121","volume-title":"The alcohol textbook: a reference for the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries","author":"Kelsall D. R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"KelsallD. R. LyonsT. P.. 2003. Practical management of yeast: conversion of sugars to ethanol, p. 121\u2013133. In JaquesK. A. LyonsT. P. KelsallD. R.(ed.), The alcohol textbook: a reference for the beverage, fuel, and industrial alcohol industries, 4th ed. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, United Kingdom.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-006-0610-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-006-9185-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-007-0948-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00530-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0061(199610)12:13<1331::AID-YEA28>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0061(20000330)16:5<463::AID-YEA535>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mben.1999.0140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-9-36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007164200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"857","article-title":"Production constante de glyc\u00e9rine dans la fermentation alcoolique","volume":"46","author":"Pasteur M. L","year":"1858","unstructured":"PasteurM. L. 1858. Production constante de glyc\u00e9rine dans la fermentation alcoolique. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 46:857.","journal-title":"C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.5.2095-2100.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.1041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000009888.79484.fd"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual","author":"Sambrook J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"SambrookJ. ManiatisT. FritschE. F.. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01955.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.7.2046-2050.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403310200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530051317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0229(00)00162-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.320080703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","volume-title":"Fermentation and enzyme technology","author":"Wang D. I.","year":"1979","unstructured":"WangD. I.. 1979. Fermentation and enzyme technology. Wiley Interscience, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805797105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2006.02041.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.6.1875-1881.1990"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.05338-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.05338-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T16:21:48Z","timestamp":1645633308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.05338-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.05338-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.05338-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-06-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}