{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:01:23Z","timestamp":1790089283505,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Many studies report that copper can be used to control microbial growth, including that of viruses. We determined the rates of copper-mediated inactivation for a wide range of bacteriophages. We used two methods to test the effect of copper on bacteriophage survival. One method involved placing small volumes of bacteriophage lysate on copper and stainless steel coupons. Following exposure, metal coupons were rinsed with lysogeny broth, and the resulting fluid was serially diluted and plated on agar with the corresponding bacterial host. The second method involved adding copper sulfate (CuSO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            ) to bacteriophage lysates to a final concentration of 5 mM. Aliquots were removed from the mixture, serially diluted, and plated with the appropriate bacterial host. Significant mortality was observed among the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) bacteriophages \u03a66 and \u03a68, the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bacteriophage PP7, the ssDNA bacteriophage \u03a6X174, and the dsDNA bacteriophage PM2. However, the dsDNA bacteriophages PRD1, T4, and \u03bb were relatively unaffected by copper. Interestingly, lipid-containing bacteriophages were most susceptible to copper toxicity. In addition, in the first experimental method, the pattern of bacteriophage \u03a66 survival over time showed a plateau in mortality after lysates dried out. This finding suggests that copper's effect on bacteriophage is mediated by the presence of water.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.05661-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,13]],"date-time":"2011-08-13T02:32:37Z","timestamp":1313202757000},"page":"6878-6883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Differential Bacteriophage Mortality on Exposure to Copper"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Dennehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.10.3704-3710.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2730601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.3.595-600.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.62.3.293-300.1951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2029fje"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2009.04148.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(68)90094-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02766-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"812","article-title":"Numeric relations between lysogenic bacteria and bacteriophage particles","volume":"122","author":"Gratia A","year":"1936","unstructured":"GratiaA. 1936. Numeric relations between lysogenic bacteria and bacteriophage particles. C. R. Seances Soc. Biol. Fil. 122:812\u2013813.","journal-title":"C. R. Seances Soc. Biol. Fil."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0370-1301\/66\/3\/301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0154-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Viability loss of bacteriophage MS2 exposed to bronze alloy Yugi","volume":"18","author":"Hwang J. Y.","year":"2009","unstructured":"HwangJ. Y. RyuT. H. LeeY. D. ParkJ. H.. 2009. Viability loss of bacteriophage MS2 exposed to bronze alloy Yugi. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 18:1022\u20131026.","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02118-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.13.5552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812808106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01357-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2640-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01139-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2010.02124.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01704-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00049-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(93)90033-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"939","article-title":"Inducible plasmid-mediated copper resistance in Escherichia coli","volume":"131","author":"Rouch D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"RouchD. CamakarisJ. LeeB. T. O. LukeR. K. J.. 1985. Inducible plasmid-mediated copper resistance in Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131:939\u2013943.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(91)90048-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.12.4374-4376.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01599-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-009-0588-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(98)10021-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02184-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03050-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"257","article-title":"Mechanism of inactivation of bacteriophages by metals","volume":"91","author":"Yamamoto N.","year":"1964","unstructured":"YamamotoN. HallerW. HiattC. W.. 1964. Mechanism of inactivation of bacteriophages by metals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 91:257.","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(93)90052-B"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.05661-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.05661-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T21:18:06Z","timestamp":1645651086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.05661-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.05661-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.05661-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-09-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}