{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:06:17Z","timestamp":1789733177637,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]],"date-time":"2011-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a leading agent for severe food-borne illness and death in the United States and other nations. Even though drug resistance has not yet threatened therapeutic interventions for listeriosis, selective pressure associated with exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants may result in reduced susceptibility to these agents. In this study, selection of several\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains on either ciprofloxacin (2 \u03bcg\/ml) or the quaternary ammonium disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC; 10 \u03bcg\/ml) led to derivatives with increased MICs not only to these agents but also to several other toxic compounds, including gentamicin, the dye ethidium bromide, and the chemotherapeutic drug tetraphenylphosphonium chloride. The spectrum of compounds to which these derivatives exhibited reduced susceptibility was the same regardless of whether they were selected on ciprofloxacin or on BC. Inclusion of strains harboring the large plasmid pLM80 revealed that MICs to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin did not differ between the parental and plasmid-cured strains. However, ciprofloxacin-selected derivatives of pLM80-harboring strains had higher MICs than those derived from the plasmid-cured strains. Susceptibility to the antimicrobials was partially restored in the presence of the potent efflux inhibitor reserpine. Taken together, these data suggest that mutations in efflux systems are responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype of strains selected on ciprofloxacin or BC.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.05941-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]],"date-time":"2011-10-15T02:23:58Z","timestamp":1318645438000},"page":"8714-8721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Listeria monocytogenes Strains Selected on Ciprofloxacin or the Disinfectant Benzalkonium Chloride Exhibit Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Benzalkonium Chloride, and Other Toxic Compounds"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Mira","family":"Rakic-Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Drevets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikrant","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Katic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kathariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804170105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02056-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.2.704-708.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.4.671-701.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01992167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(02)00471-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00925-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.92.5s1.4.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11317030-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09158.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0506.990625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Disinfection, sterilization and preservation","author":"Merianos J. 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