{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:36:38Z","timestamp":1792737398398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (BoNT\/E) outbreaks in the Great Lakes region cause large annual avian mortality events, with an estimated 17,000 bird deaths reported in 2007 alone. During an outbreak investigation, blood collected from bird carcasses is tested for the presence of BoNT\/E using the mouse lethality assay. While sensitive, this method is labor-intensive and low throughput and can take up to 7 days to complete. We developed a rapid and sensitive\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            assay, the BoTest Matrix E assay, that combines immunoprecipitation with high-affinity endopeptidase activity detection by F\u00f6rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to rapidly quantify BoNT\/E activity in avian blood with detection limits comparable to those of the mouse lethality assay. On the basis of the analysis of archived blood samples (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 87) collected from bird carcasses during avian mortality investigations, BoTest Matrix E detected picomolar quantities of BoNT\/E following a 2-h incubation and femtomolar quantities of BoNT\/E following extended incubation (24 h) with 100% diagnostic specificity and 91% diagnostic sensitivity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.06165-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,10]],"date-time":"2011-09-10T02:51:01Z","timestamp":1315623061000},"page":"7815-7822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Detection and Quantification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type E Activity in Avian Blood"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Piazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 204 Russell Labs, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"},{"name":"BioSentinel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 510 Charmany Dr., Suite 259, Madison, Wisconsin 53719"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Blehert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, Wisconsin 53711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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