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Several potential probiotic traits of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. marxianus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    B0399 were investigated by using\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    assays, including adhesion and immune modulation, and the effect of the administration of 10\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    CFU\/day of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. marxianus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    B0399 on the composition and metabolic activity of the human intestinal microbiota was investigated in a 3-stage continuous-culture system simulating the human colon. We demonstrated that this strain was highly adhesive to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and modulated the immune response, inducing proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In the presence of inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS),\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. marxianus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    B0399 provoked decreases in the levels of production of proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs and Caco-2 cells, thus ameliorating the inflammatory response. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. marxianus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    B0399 impacted the colonic microbiota, increasing the bifidobacterial concentration in the stages of the colonic model system simulating the proximal and transverse colon. The amounts of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate also increased following yeast supplementation. Finally,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. marxianus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    B0399 was found to induce a decrease of the cytotoxic potential of the culture supernatant from the first stage of the colonic model system. The effects of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">K. marxianus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    B0399 on adhesion, immune function, and colonic microbiota demonstrate that this strain possesses a number of beneficial and strain-specific properties desirable for a microorganism considered for application as a probiotic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.06385-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,9]],"date-time":"2011-12-09T22:46:33Z","timestamp":1323470793000},"page":"956-964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Potential Probiotic Kluyveromyces marxianus B0399 Modulates the Immune Response in Caco-2 Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Impacts the Human Gut Microbiota in an\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Colonic Model System"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Maccaferri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Klinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Brigidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Cavina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coop Italia, Casalecchio di Reno, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Costabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"39","article-title":"Probiotic therapy for irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Aragon G","year":"2010","unstructured":"AragonG GrahamDB BorumM DomanDB. 2010. 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