{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:13:53Z","timestamp":1777626833751,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]],"date-time":"2012-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and are responsible for significant morbidity and health care costs worldwide. The main bacterial cause of uncomplicated UTI is\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which possesses numerous virulence factors (VFs). Many studies of the pathogenesis of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            UTI have centered on VF genes. Hence, the development of better molecular assays to study VF genes would facilitate these studies. We developed a highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR\/RLB) assay to simultaneously detect 22 VF genes of uropathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            and then used it to characterize 180 isolates from nonpregnant women of child-bearing age with cystitis and 153 fecal isolates from similar-age healthy women, in regional New South Wales, Australia. The assay accurately identified all VF genes (of the 22 under study) known to be present in 30 previously characterized control strains. The detection limits were 28 ng of DNA from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates and 50 CFU\/ml in mock-infected urine specimens containing known concentrations of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli.<\/jats:named-content>\n            Cystitis isolates (compared to the fecal isolates) showed a significantly higher prevalence of 18 individual VF genes and contained significantly more VF genes per isolate (median number, 18.5 versus 6.5 [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.001]). Discordance between paired probes for a given VF gene occurred in several clinical test isolates but no reference strains and among the test isolates was associated with fecal source (10% of VF genes versus 2% for cystitis isolates [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.001]). This novel mPCR\/RLB method is a potentially powerful tool for investigating the prevalence and distribution of VFs in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.06921-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,10]],"date-time":"2011-12-10T03:46:33Z","timestamp":1323488793000},"page":"1198-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Multiplex PCR-Based Reverse Line Blot Assay for Simultaneous Detection of 22 Virulence Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kudinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanrong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwendolyn L.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.2113-2125.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-6-1349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006383","article-title":"Diversifying selection governs sequence polymorphisms in the major adhesin proteins FimA, PapA, and Sfa of Escherichia coli","volume":"47","author":"Boyd EF","year":"1998","unstructured":"BoydEF HartlDL. 1998. 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