{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:01:41Z","timestamp":1789732901225,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The multidrug resistance-encoding plasmids belonging to the IncA\/C incompatibility group have recently emerged among\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains in the United States. These plasmids have a unique genetic structure compared to other enterobacterial plasmid types, a broad host range, and a propensity to acquire large numbers of antimicrobial resistance genes via their accessory regions. Using\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain DH5\u03b1 harboring the prototype IncA\/C plasmid pAR060302, we sought to define the baseline transcriptome of IncA\/C plasmids under laboratory growth and in the face of selective pressure. The effects of ampicillin, florfenicol, or streptomycin exposure were compared to those on cells left untreated at logarithmic phase using Illumina platform-based RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Under growth in Luria-Bertani broth lacking antibiotics, much of the backbone of pAR060302 was transcriptionally inactive, including its putative transfer regions. A few plasmid backbone genes of interest were highly transcribed, including genes of a putative toxin-antitoxin system and an H-NS-like transcriptional regulator. In contrast, numerous genes within the accessory regions of pAR060302 were highly transcribed, including the resistance genes\n            <jats:italic>floR<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>aadA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>aacA<\/jats:italic>\n            . Treatment with ampicillin or streptomycin resulted in no genes being differentially expressed compared to controls lacking antibiotics, suggesting that many of the resistance-associated genes are not differentially expressed due to exposure to these antibiotics. In contrast, florfenicol treatment resulted in the upregulation of\n            <jats:italic>floR<\/jats:italic>\n            and numerous chromosomal genes. Overall, the transcriptome mapping of pAR060302 suggests that it mitigates the fitness costs of carrying resistance-associated genes through global regulation with its transcriptional regulators.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.07199-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,18]],"date-time":"2012-02-18T04:54:54Z","timestamp":1329540894000},"page":"3379-3386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Transcriptome Mapping of pAR060302, a\n            <i>bla<\/i>\n            <sub>CMY-2<\/sub>\n            -Positive Broad-Host-Range IncA\/C Plasmid"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Kevin S.","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Danzeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-2920.2001.00161.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.15.4259-4269.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.17.5945-5949.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00055-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00015-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00786-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00189-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709043371004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.58.030603.123841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.48.100194.002021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/302725a0","article-title":"Conjugative plasmids in bacteria of the \u201cpre-antibiotic\u201d era","volume":"302","author":"Hughes VM","year":"1983","unstructured":"HughesVM DattaN. 1983. 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