{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:39:38Z","timestamp":1791196778225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]],"date-time":"2012-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic variation among isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            , an Apicomplexan parasite that causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals worldwide. The parasite's population structure is influenced by the intensity of transmission, the host-parasite interaction, and husbandry practices. As a result,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            populations can be panmictic, clonal, or even epidemic on both a local scale and a larger geographical scale. To extend the study of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            populations to an unexplored region, 173 isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            collected in Italy from humans and livestock (calf, sheep, and goat) over a 10-year period were genotyped using a multilocus scheme based on 7 mini- and microsatellite loci. In agreement with other studies, extensive polymorphism was observed, with 102 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified among 173 isolates. The presence of linkage disequilibrium, the confinement of MLGs to individual farms, and the relationship of many MLGs inferred using network analysis (eBURST) suggest a predominantly clonal population structure, but there is also evidence that part of the diversity can be explained by genetic exchange. MLGs from goats were found to differ from bovine and sheep MLGs, supporting the existence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            subpopulations. Finally, MLGs from isolates collected between 1997 and 1999 were also identified as a distinct subgroup in principal-component analysis and eBURST analysis, suggesting a continuous introduction of novel genotypes in the parasite population.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.07686-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T17:08:05Z","timestamp":1330967285000},"page":"3523-3529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Evidence of Host-Associated Populations of Cryptosporidium parvum in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Drumo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam J.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Grelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Marche e dell'Umbria, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"D'Avino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Marche e dell'Umbria, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pozio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone M.","family":"Cacci\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01567-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099005508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1364859411Y.0000000025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01173.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.5.1518-1530.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.8.3344-3349.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1950.tb00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.9.847"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1995.tb01605.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(03)00089-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-002-2412-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00224.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00751-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou N","year":"1987","unstructured":"SaitouN NeiM. 1987. 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