{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:24:13Z","timestamp":1792175053690,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In Europe,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:named-content>\n            is the vector of many pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance, among them\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus, which have been the subject of numerous investigations. Less is known about the occurrence of emerging tick-borne pathogens like\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp.,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Babesia<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., \u201c\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candidatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            Neoehrlichia mikurensis,\u201d and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:named-content>\n            in questing ticks. In this study, questing nymph and adult\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. ricinus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks were collected at 11 sites located in Western Switzerland. A total of 1,476 ticks were analyzed individually for the simultaneous presence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            sensu lato,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp.,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Babesia<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., \u201c\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candidatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            Neoehrlichia mikurensis,\u201d and\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum. B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            sensu lato,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., and \u201c\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candidatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            Neoehrlichia mikurensis\u201d were detected in ticks at all sites with global prevalences of 22.5%, 10.2%, and 6.4%, respectively.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Babesia<\/jats:named-content>\n            - and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected ticks showed a more restricted geographic distribution, and their prevalences were lower (1.9% and 1.5%, respectively). Species rarely reported in Switzerland, like\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia spielmanii<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia lusitaniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia monacensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , were identified. Infections with more than one pathogenic species, involving mostly\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Rickettsia helvetica<\/jats:named-content>\n            , were detected in 19.6% of infected ticks. Globally, 34.2% of ticks were infected with at least one pathogen. The diversity of tick-borne pathogens detected in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. ricinus<\/jats:named-content>\n            in this study and the frequency of coinfections underline the need to take them seriously into consideration when evaluating the risks of infection following a tick bite.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.07961-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,21]],"date-time":"2012-04-21T02:55:58Z","timestamp":1334976958000},"page":"4606-4612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Infections and Coinfections of Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks by Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens in Western Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Lommano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, University of Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luce","family":"Bertaiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, University of Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christ\u00e8le","family":"Dupasquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, University of Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology of Parasites, University of Neuch\u00e2tel, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2237-2242.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.101058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000213066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00179-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602321653851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00220-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Presence of potentially pathogenic Babesia sp. for human in Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland","volume":"13","author":"Casati S","year":"2006","unstructured":"CasatiS SagerH GernL PiffarettiJC. 2006. 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