{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:56:00Z","timestamp":1791219360262,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The genes for the production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) in\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes glycerol dehydratase, and\n            <jats:italic>dhaT<\/jats:italic>\n            , which encodes 1,3-PD oxidoreductase, are naturally under the control of two different promoters and are transcribed in different directions. These genes were reconfigured into an operon containing\n            <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n            followed by\n            <jats:italic>dhaT<\/jats:italic>\n            under the control of a single promoter. The operon contains unique restriction sites to facilitate replacement of the promoter and other modifications. In a fed-batch cofermentation of glycerol and glucose,\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            containing the operon consumed 9.3 g of glycerol per liter and produced 6.3 g of 1,3-PD per liter. The fermentation had two distinct phases. In the first phase, significant cell growth occurred and the products were mainly 1,3-PD and acetate. In the second phase, very little growth occurred and the main products were 1,3-PD and pyruvate. The first enzyme in the 1,3-PD pathway, glycerol dehydratase, requires coenzyme B\n            <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n            , which must be provided in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            fermentations. However, the amount of coenzyme B\n            <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n            needed was quite small, with 10 nM sufficient for good 1,3-PD production in batch cofermentations. 1,3-PD is a useful intermediate in the production of polyesters. The 1,3-PD operon was designed so that it can be readily modified for expression in other prokaryotic hosts; therefore, it is useful for metabolic engineering of 1,3-PD pathways from glycerol and other substrates such as glucose.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.64.1.98-105.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T18:53:04Z","timestamp":1576781584000},"page":"98-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Construction and Characterization of a 1,3-Propanediol Operon"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Skraly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsy L.","family":"Lytle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1996.tb01168.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52625-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Ausubel\nF. 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