{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:26:33Z","timestamp":1791199593193,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]],"date-time":"1998-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":886291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Whipple\u2019s disease is a systemic disorder in which a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium is constantly present in infected tissues. After numerous unsuccessful attempts to culture this bacterium, it was eventually characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis to be a member of the actinomycetes. The name\n            <jats:italic>Tropheryma whippelii<\/jats:italic>\n            was proposed. Until now, the bacterium has only been found in infected human tissues, but there is no evidence for human-to-human transmission. Here we report the detection of DNA specific for the Whipple\u2019s disease bacterium in 25 of 38 wastewater samples from five different sewage treatment plants in the area of Heidelberg, Germany. These findings provide the first evidence that\n            <jats:italic>T. whippelii<\/jats:italic>\n            occurs in the environment, within a polymicrobial community. This is in accordance with the phylogenetic relationship of this bacterium as well as with known epidemiological aspects of Whipple\u2019s disease. Our data argue for an environmental source for infection with the Whipple\u2019s disease bacterium.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.64.2.760-762.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T19:31:42Z","timestamp":1576783902000},"page":"760-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Environmental Occurrence of the Whipple\u2019s Disease Bacterium (\n            <i>Tropheryma whippelii<\/i>\n            )"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Maiwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Hygiene-Institut der Universita\u0308t, Abteilung Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schuhmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Hygiene-Institut der Universita\u0308t, Abteilung Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Ju\u0308rgen","family":"Ditton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Hygiene-Institut der Universita\u0308t, Abteilung Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"von Herbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathologisches Institut der Universita\u0308t,2 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00183.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Dobbins\nW. O.\nIII.\nWhipple\u2019s disease.\n1987\nCharles C. Thomas Publisher\nSpringfield Ill"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.24.5705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1994.tb01619.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.5.1354-1356.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-4-1078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1134"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1059397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Relman\nD. A.\nWhipple\u2019s disease\nInfections of the gastrointestinal tract.\nBlaser\nM. J.\nSmith\nP. D.\nRavdin\nJ. I.\nGreenberg\nH. B.\nGuerrant\nR. L.\n1995\n919\n936\nRaven Press\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207303270501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-10-2863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Sambrook\nJ.\nFritsch\nE. F.\nManiatis\nT.\nMolecular cloning: a laboratory manual\n2nd ed.\n1989\nCold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press\nCold Spring Harbor N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.1.8422969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8964398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709025063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345063a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"382","article-title":"A hitherto undescribed disease characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acids in the intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic tissues.","volume":"18","author":"Whipple G. H.","year":"1907","unstructured":"Whipple G. H. A hitherto undescribed disease characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acids in the intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic tissues. Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 18 1907 382 391","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90545-Z"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.64.2.760-762.1998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.64.2.760-762.1998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T05:43:57Z","timestamp":1645595037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.64.2.760-762.1998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.64.2.760-762.1998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.64.2.760-762.1998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-09-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-11-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}