{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:38:02Z","timestamp":1791362282014,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Semicontinuous biohydrometallurgical processing of fly ash from municipal waste incineration was performed in a laboratory-scale leaching plant (LSLP) by using a mixed culture of\n            <jats:italic>Thiobacillus thiooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Thiobacillus ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n            . The LSLP consisted of three serially connected reaction vessels, reservoirs for a fly ash suspension and a bacterial stock culture, and a vacuum filter unit. The LSLP was operated with an ash concentration of 50 g liter\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            , and the mean residence time was 6 days (2 days in each reaction vessel). The leaching efficiencies (expressed as percentages of the amounts applied) obtained for the economically most interesting metal, Zn, were up to 81%, and the leaching efficiencies for Al were up to 52%. Highly toxic Cd was completely solubilized (100%), and the leaching efficiencies for Cu, Ni, and Cr were 89, 64, and 12%, respectively. The role of\n            <jats:italic>T. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n            in metal mobilization was examined in a series of shake flask experiments. The release of copper present in the fly ash as chalcocite (Cu\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            S) or cuprite (Cu\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O) was dependent on the metabolic activity of\n            <jats:italic>T. ferrooxidans<\/jats:italic>\n            , whereas other metals, such as Al, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn, were solubilized by biotically formed sulfuric acid. Chemical leaching with 5 N H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            SO\n            <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n            resulted in significantly increased solubilization only for Zn. The LSLP developed in this study is a promising first step toward a pilot plant with a high capacity to detoxify fly ash for reuse for construction purposes and economical recovery of valuable metals.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.64.4.1237-1241.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T19:33:08Z","timestamp":1576783988000},"page":"1237-1241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Development of a Laboratory-Scale Leaching Plant for Metal Extraction from Fly Ash by\n            <i>Thiobacillus<\/i>\n            Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Brombacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Bachofen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute of Plant Biology, Department of Microbiology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Brandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich,2 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Amt f\u00fcr Gew\u00e4sserschutz und Wasserbau des Kantons Z\u00fcrich\nImmobilisierung von Rauchgasreinigungsr\u00fcckst\u00e4nden aus Kehrichtverbrennungsanlagen (Projekt IMRA). Schlussbericht.\n1991\nAmt f\u00fcr Gew\u00e4sserschutz und Wasserbau des Kantons Z\u00fcrich\nZurich Switzerland"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Amt f\u00fcr Gew\u00e4sserschutz und Wasserbau des Kantons Z\u00fcrich\nEmissionsabsch\u00e4tzung f\u00fcr Kehrichtschlacke (Projekt EKESA). Schlussbericht.\n1992\nAmt f\u00fcr Gew\u00e4sserschutz und Wasserbau des Kantons Z\u00fcrich\nZurich Switzerland"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00197a025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/abio.370070602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00340.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es960151v"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002530051099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Brombacher\nC.\nBrandl\nH.\nAbsch\u00e4tzung der Oekotoxizit\u00e4t unbehandelter Elektrofilterasche einer Kehrichtverbrennungsanlage mit dem Pseudomonas -O 2 -Verbrauchstest abstr. P6\nAbstracts of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Swiss Society for Microbiology 1994.\n1994\n69\nSwiss Society for Microbiology\nLucerne Switzerland"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00128396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00073a013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"673","article-title":"Copper leaching from industrial wastes by heterotrophic microorganisms","volume":"1","author":"Hahn M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hahn M. Willscher S. Straube G. Copper leaching from industrial wastes by heterotrophic microorganisms Biohydrometallurgical technologies Torma A. E. Wey J. E. Lakshmanan V. I. 1 1993 673 683 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society Warrendale Pa","journal-title":"Biohydrometallurgical technologies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.280440302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Hughes\nM. N.\nPoole\nR. K.\nMetals and micro-organisms.\n1989\nChapman and Hall\nLondon United Kingdom"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Karavaiko\nG. I.\nKuznetsov\nS. I.\nGolonizik\nA. I.\nThe bacterial leaching of metals from ores.\n1977\nTechnicopy Ltd.\nStonehouse Great Britain"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00341.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Verwertung von M\u00fcllverbrennungsschlacken aus der Sicht des Grundwasserschutzes.","volume":"80","author":"Lahl U.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lahl U. Struth R. Verwertung von M\u00fcllverbrennungsschlacken aus der Sicht des Grundwasserschutzes. Vom Wasser 80 1993 341 355","journal-title":"Vom Wasser"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Ledin\nM.\nPedersen\nK.\nThe environmental impact of mine waste\u2014role of microorganisms and their significance in treatment of mine waste. Report 83.\n1995\nSwedish Waste Research Council\nStockholm Sweden"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Madigan\nM. T.\nMartinko\nJ. M.\nParker\nJ.\nBiology of microorganisms\n8th ed.\n1997\nPrentice Hall\nUpper Saddle River N.J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(96)00118-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"Notter\nM.\nMetals and the environment. Report 4245.\n1993\nSwedish Environmental Protection Agency\nSolna Sweden"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Pinches\nT.\nNeale\nJ.\nHuberts\nR.\nDempsey\nP.\nDevelopment of the Mintek bacterial oxidation process (MINbac)\nProceedings of Randol Gold Forum \u201993.\n1993\n221\n229\nRandol International Ltd.\nGolden Colo"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Rossi\nG.\nBiohydrometallurgy.\n1990\nMcGraw-Hill Book Company\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00166909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer\nW.\nBakterielle Laugung von metallhaltigen Industrier\u00fcckst\u00e4nden. Ph.D. thesis.\n1982\nUniversity of Dortmund\nDortmund Germany"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(91)90044-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","unstructured":"Vonmont\nH.\nUntersuchungsbericht 146\u2019601\/7.\n1994\nEMPA (Eidgen\u00f6ssische Materialpr\u00fcfungs- und Forschungsanstalt)\nD\u00fcbendorf Switzerland"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.64.4.1237-1241.1998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.64.4.1237-1241.1998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T06:07:38Z","timestamp":1645596458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.64.4.1237-1241.1998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.64.4.1237-1241.1998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.64.4.1237-1241.1998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-01-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1998-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}