{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T10:38:29Z","timestamp":1774780709852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) was used to demonstrate the attachment of\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            O157:H7 transformed with a plasmid encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the surface and within the internal structures of nonwaxed Red Delicious cv. apples. Apples at 2 or 25\u00b0C were inoculated with an\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            O157:H7 cell suspension at 2 or 25\u00b0C. The effect of a negative temperature differential (cold inoculum, warm apple), a positive differential (warm inoculum, cold apple), and no differential (warm inoculum, warm apple), in combination with a pressure differential (atmospheric versus 10,130 Pa), on the attachment and infiltration of cells was determined. CSLM stereo images of external surfaces of apples subjected to all combinations of test parameters showed preferential cellular attachment to discontinuities in the waxy cuticle on the surface and to damaged tissue surrounding puncture wounds, where the pathogen was observed at depths up to 70 \u03bcm below the skin surface. Attachment to lenticels was sporadic but was occasionally observed at depths of up to 40 \u03bcm. Infiltration through the floral tube and attachment to seeds, cartilaginous pericarp, and internal trichomes were observed in all apples examined, regardless of temperature differential during inoculation. The pressure differential had no effect on infiltration or attachment of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            O157:H7. Image analysis to count cells at various depths within tissues was used to quantitatively compare the extent of infiltration into various apple structures as well as the effects of the temperature differential. Puncture wounds harbored greater numbers of the pathogen at greater depths than did other sites examined. Attachment or infiltration of cells was greater on the intact skin and in lenticels, russet areas, and the floral tube of apples inoculated under a negative temperature differential compared to those inoculated under no temperature differential. The results suggest that\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            O157:H7 attached to internal core structures or within tissues of apples may evade decontamination treatments. Interventions designed to deliver disinfectants to these locations or to remove viable cells of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            O157:H7 and other pathogens from apples by other means need to be developed and validated.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.66.11.4679-4687.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:55:30Z","timestamp":1027763730000},"page":"4679-4687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Attachment of\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            O157:H7 to the Surfaces and Internal Structures of Apples as Detected by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry R.","family":"Beuchat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-0020(89)80039-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PD-66-302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-71-515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-59.2.204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-61.10.1305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-62.5.444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1998.tb05282.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"582","article-title":"Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Muenchen infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice\u2014United States and Canada, June 1999.","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1999","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Muenchen infections associated with unpasteurized orange juice\u2014United States and Canada, June 1999. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 48 1999 582 585","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection and cryptosporidiosis associated with drinking unpasteurized apple cider\u2014Connecticut and New York, October 1996.","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection and cryptosporidiosis associated with drinking unpasteurized apple cider\u2014Connecticut and New York, October 1996. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 46 1997 4 8","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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L.\nPreliminary experiments on the effect of temperature differences on dye uptake by oranges and grapefruits.\n1999\nU.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition\nWashington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520200048034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419709115132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15121.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-62.7.778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-62.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80021-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(94)00339-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-63.4.434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Walderhaug\nM. O.\nEdelson-Mammel\nS. G.\nDeJesus\nA. J.\nEblen\nB. S.\nMiller\nA. J.\nBuchanan\nR. L.\nPreliminary studies on the potential for infiltration growth and survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Hartford and Escherichia coli O157:H7 within oranges.\n1999\nU.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition\nWashington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.6.2127-2131.1995"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.66.11.4679-4687.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.66.11.4679-4687.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T09:14:27Z","timestamp":1645607667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.66.11.4679-4687.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.66.11.4679-4687.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.66.11.4679-4687.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-05-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-08-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}