{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:02:05Z","timestamp":1789642925887,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A variety of contemporary techniques were used to investigate the vertical distribution of thermophilic unicellular cyanobacteria,\n            <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            spp., and their activity within the upper 1-mm-thick photic zone of the mat community found in an alkaline siliceous hot spring in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. Detailed measurements were made over a diel cycle at a 61\u00b0C site. Net oxygenic photosynthesis measured with oxygen microelectrodes was highest within the uppermost 100- to 200-\u03bcm-thick layer until midmorning, but as the day progressed, the peak of net activity shifted to deeper layers, stabilizing at a depth of 300 \u03bcm from midday throughout the afternoon. Examination of vertical thin sections by bright-field and autofluorescence microscopy revealed the existence of different populations of\n            <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            which form discrete bands at different vertical positions. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene segments from horizontal cryosections obtained at 100-\u03bcm-thick vertical intervals also suggested vertical stratification of cyanobacterial, green sulfur bacterium-like, and green nonsulfur bacterium-like populations. There was no evidence of diel migration. However, image analysis of vertical thin sections revealed the presence of a narrow band of rod-shaped\n            <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            cells in which the cells assumed an upright position. These upright cells, located 400 to 800 \u03bcm below the surface, were observed only in mat samples obtained around noon. In mat samples obtained at other time points, the cells were randomly oriented throughout the mat. These combined observations reveal the existence of a highly ordered structure within the very thin photic zone of this hot spring microbial mat, consisting of morphologically similar\n            <jats:italic>Synechococcus<\/jats:italic>\n            populations that are likely to be differentially adapted, some co-occurring with green sulfur bacterium-like populations, and all overlying green nonsulfur bacterium-like populations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.66.3.1038-1049.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:56:57Z","timestamp":1027763817000},"page":"1038-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Highly Ordered Vertical Structure of\n            <i>Synechococcus<\/i>\n            Populations within the One-Millimeter-Thick Photic Zone of a Hot Spring Cyanobacterial Mat"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Niels Birger","family":"Ramsing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike J.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 597172"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 597172"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.54.7.1738-1743.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"267","article-title":"Ecological studies of Chloroflexus, a gliding photosynthetic bacterium.","volume":"92","author":"Bauld J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bauld J. Brock T. D. Ecological studies of Chloroflexus, a gliding photosynthetic bacterium. Arch. Microbiol. 92 1973 267 284","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.12.4215-4222.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brock\nT. D.\nThermophilic microorganisms and life at high temperature.\n1978\nSpringer Verlag\nNew York N.Y","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-6284-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"379","article-title":"Ecology of blue-green algae in hot springs","volume":"1","author":"Castenholz R. W.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Castenholz R. W. Ecology of blue-green algae in hot springs The biology of blue-green algae Carr N. G. Whitton B. 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D.\nComparative functional ultrastructure of two hypersaline submerged cyanobacterial mats: Guerrero Negro Baja California Sur Mexico and Solar Lake Sinai Egypt\nMicrobial mats: physiological ecology of benthic communities.\nCohen\nY.\nRosenberg\nE.\n1989\n97\n113\nAmerican Society for Microbiology\nWashington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.340-346.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/24297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.3.1045-1050.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.4.1375-1381.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1991.00395.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.1.163-169.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Pichel\nF.\nCastenholz\nR. W.\nOn the significance of solar ultraviolet radiation for the ecology of microbial mats\nMicrobial mats: structure development and environmental significance.\nStahl\nL. 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B.\nLight penetration absorption and action spectra in cyanobacterial mats\nMicrobial mats: physiological ecology of benthic microbial communities.\nCohen\nY.\nRosenberg\nE.\n1989\n123\n137\nAmerican Society for Microbiology\nWashington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1996.00799.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1992.37.8.1813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78991-5_16","article-title":"Optical properties of microbial mats: light measurements with fiber-optic microprobes","volume":"35","author":"K\u00fchl M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"K\u00fchl M. Lassen C. J\u00f8rgensen B. B. Optical properties of microbial mats: light measurements with fiber-optic microprobes Microbial mats: structure, development and environmental significance Stal L. J. Caumette P. G35 1994 149 166 Springer Verlag Berlin, Germany","journal-title":"Microbial mats: structure, development and environmental significance"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.1998.340089.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(74)90145-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.3893-3899.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"576","article-title":"Appendix Table 25","volume":"1","author":"Millero F. J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Millero F. J. Appendix Table 25 Chemical oceanography 2nd ed. Skirrow J. P. R. G. 1 1974 576 Academic Press London, United Kingdom","journal-title":"Chemical oceanography"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(11)80398-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.2.422-430.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1973.18.5.0802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/202720a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.4.1391-1404.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.6.2347-2354.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.11.3840-3849.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1989.34.2.0474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revsbech\nN. P.\nAnalysis of microbial mats by use of electrochemical microsensors: recent advances\nMicrobial mats: structure development and environmental significance.\nStal\nL. J.\nCaumette\nP.\n1994\n135\n147\nSpringer-Verlag\nBerlin Germany","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78991-5_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","unstructured":"Revsbech\nN. P.\nChristensen\nB. P.\nNielsen\nL. P.\nMicroelectrode analysis of photosynthetic and respiratory processes in microbial mats\nMicrobial mats: physiological ecology of benthic microbial communities.\nCohen\nY.\nRosenberg\nE.\n1989\n153\n162\nAmerican Society for Microbiology\nWashington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.48.2.270-275.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","unstructured":"Revsbech\nN. P.\nWard\nD. M.\nMicroprofiles of dissolved substances and photosynthesis in microbial mats measured with microelectrodes\nMicrobial mats: stromatolites.\nCohen\nY.\nCastenholz\nR. W.\nHalvorson\nH. O.\n1984\n171\n188\nAlan R. Liss Inc.\nNew York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.6.1855-1862.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.625-630.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(98)80029-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1353-1370.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Species diversity in hot spring microbial mats as revealed by both molecular and enrichment culture approaches\u2014relationship between biodiversity and community structure","author":"Ward D. M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ward D. M. Ferris M. J. Nold S. C. Bateson M. M. Kopczynski E. D. Ruff-Roberts A. L. Species diversity in hot spring microbial mats as revealed by both molecular and enrichment culture approaches\u2014relationship between biodiversity and community structure Microbial mats: structure, development and environmental significance. Stal L. J. Caumette P. G 1996 33 44 35. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany.","journal-title":"Microbial mats: structure, development and environmental significance."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1000131426164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345063a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","unstructured":"Ward\nD. M.\nWeller\nR.\nShiea\nJ.\nCastenholz\nR. W.\nCohen\nY.\nHot spring microbial mats: anoxygenic mats of possible evolutionary significance\nMicrobial mats: physiological ecology of benthic microbial communities.\nCohen\nY.\nRosenberg\nE.\n1989\n3\n15\nAmerican Society for Microbiology\nWashington D.C."}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.66.3.1038-1049.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.66.3.1038-1049.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T09:49:16Z","timestamp":1645609756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.66.3.1038-1049.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.66.3.1038-1049.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.66.3.1038-1049.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-05-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-10-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}