{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:04:25Z","timestamp":1789880665408,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]],"date-time":"2000-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":954547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The electrophile\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -ethylmaleimide (NEM) elicits rapid K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            efflux from\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            cells consequent upon reaction with cytoplasmic glutathione to form an adduct,\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -ethylsuccinimido-\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            -glutathione (ESG) that is a strong activator of the KefB and KefC glutathione-gated K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            efflux systems. The fate of the ESG has not previously been investigated. In this report we demonstrate that NEM and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -phenylmaleimide (NPM) are rapidly detoxified by\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . The detoxification occurs through the formation of the glutathione adduct of NEM or NPM, followed by the hydrolysis of the imide bond after which\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -substituted maleamic acids are released.\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -Ethylmaleamic acid is not toxic to\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            cells even at high concentrations. The glutathione adducts are not released from cells, and this allows glutathione to be recycled in the cytoplasm. The detoxification is independent of new protein synthesis and NAD\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            -dependent dehydrogenase activity and entirely dependent upon glutathione. The time course of the detoxification of low concentrations of NEM parallels the transient activation of the KefB and KefC glutathione-gated K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            efflux systems.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.66.4.1393-1399.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:55:30Z","timestamp":1027763730000},"page":"1393-1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Glutathione-Dependent Conversion of\n            <i>N<\/i>\n            -Ethylmaleimide to the Maleamic Acid by\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            : an Intracellular Detoxification Process"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"McLaggan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Rufino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jaspars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE,2 United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. R.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.12b.2646"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.10.1552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0860237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.38.100184.000405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00748a027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.108.2.639-644.1971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.133.3.1126-1129.1978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.16.4314-4318.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01259.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061025.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.4.1007-1012.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.5.1030-1036.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.168.2.1026-1029.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Transport of glutathione-S-conjugates in Escherichia coli.","volume":"43","author":"Kaluzna A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaluzna A. 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