{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:49:12Z","timestamp":1792212552045,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Differences in methylmercury (CH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            Hg) production normalized to the sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in various species of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were quantified in pure cultures and in marine sediment slurries in order to determine if SRB strains which differ phylogenetically methylate mercury (Hg) at similar rates. Cultures representing five genera of the SRB (\n            <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobulbus propionicus<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Desulfococcus multivorans<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. strain BG-8, and\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. strain BG-33) were grown in a strictly anoxic, minimal medium that received a dose of inorganic Hg 120 h after inoculation. The mercury methylation rates (MMR) normalized per cell were up to 3 orders of magnitude higher in pure cultures of members of SRB groups capable of acetate utilization (e.g., the family\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            ) than in pure cultures of members of groups that are not able to use acetate (e.g., the family\n            <jats:italic>Desulfovibrionaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Little or no Hg methylation was observed in cultures of\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>Desulfovibrio<\/jats:italic>\n            strains in the absence of sulfate, indicating that Hg methylation was coupled to respiration in these strains. Mercury methylation, sulfate reduction, and the identities of sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediment slurries were also studied. Sulfate-reducing consortia were identified by using group-specific oligonucleotide probes that targeted the 16S rRNA molecule. Acetate-amended slurries, which were dominated by members of the\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            groups, exhibited a pronounced ability to methylate Hg when the MMR were normalized to the SRR, while lactate-amended and control slurries had normalized MMR that were not statistically different. Collectively, the results of pure-culture and amended-sediment experiments suggest that members of the family\n            <jats:italic>Desulfobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            have a greater potential to methylate Hg than members of the family\n            <jats:italic>Desulfovibrionaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            have when the MMR are normalized to the SRR. Hg methylation potential may be related to genetic composition and\/or carbon metabolism in the SRB. Furthermore, we found that in marine sediments that are rich in organic matter and dissolved sulfide rapid CH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            Hg accumulation is coupled to rapid sulfate reduction. The observations described above have broad implications for understanding the control of CH\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            Hg formation and for developing remediation strategies for Hg-contaminated sediments.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.66.6.2430-2437.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:55:30Z","timestamp":1027749330000},"page":"2430-2437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":314,"title":["Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Methylate Mercury at Variable Rates in Pure Culture and in Marine Sediments"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey K.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia 314111;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 298022;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel E.","family":"Kostka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia 314111;"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 323063; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc E.","family":"Frischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia 314111;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Michael","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 303324"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"The role of sediments as sink or source for environmental contaminants: a case study of Hg and chlorinated organic compounds.","volume":"20","author":"Andersson I.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Andersson I. Parkman H. Jernelov A. The role of sediments as sink or source for environmental contaminants: a case study of Hg and chlorinated organic compounds. 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