{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:17:10Z","timestamp":1791141430355,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The bioremediation of polluted groundwater and toxic waste sites requires that bacteria come into close physical contact with pollutants. This can be accomplished by chemotaxis. Five motile strains of bacteria that use five different pathways to degrade toluene were tested for their ability to detect and swim towards this pollutant. Three of the five strains (\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    F1,\n                    <jats:italic>Ralstonia pickettii<\/jats:italic>\n                    PKO1, and\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderia cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n                    G4) were attracted to toluene. In each case, the response was dependent on induction by growth with toluene.\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas mendocina<\/jats:italic>\n                    KR1 and\n                    <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    PaW15 did not show a convincing response. The chemotactic responses of\n                    <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    F1 to a variety of toxic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated aliphatic compounds were examined. Compounds that are growth substrates for\n                    <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    F1, including benzene and ethylbenzene, were chemoattractants.\n                    <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    F1 was also attracted to trichloroethylene (TCE), which is not a growth substrate but is dechlorinated and detoxified by\n                    <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    F1. Mutant strains of\n                    <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    F1 that do not oxidize toluene were attracted to toluene, indicating that toluene itself and not a metabolite was the compound detected. The two-component response regulator pair TodS and TodT, which control expression of the toluene degradation genes in\n                    <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n                    F1, were required for the response. This demonstration that soil bacteria can sense and swim towards the toxic compounds toluene, benzene, TCE, and related chemicals suggests that the introduction of chemotactic bacteria into selected polluted sites may accelerate bioremediation processes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.66.9.4098-4104.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:03:59Z","timestamp":1027749839000},"page":"4098-4104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Toluene-Degrading Bacteria Are Chemotactic towards the Environmental Pollutants Benzene, Toluene, and Trichloroethylene"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Parales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayna L.","family":"Ditty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline S.","family":"Harwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.6.1459-1471.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a800809d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.5.1351-1362.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.10.3171-3180.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.1.285-290.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.13.1.457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10242428808998177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.160.3.1003-1009.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.6.1602-1608.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00809a023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00847a031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.10.4111-4115.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.10.3310-3316.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.7.4063-4066.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.160.2.622-628.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Enzymatic dihydroxylation of aromatics in enantioselective synthesis: expanding asymmetric methodology","volume":"32","author":"Hudlicky T.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hudlicky T. 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