{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:20:46Z","timestamp":1793319646498,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]],"date-time":"2001-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The observed sensitivity of\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            to the toxic proline analogue\n            <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n            -azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZ) suggested that proline synthesis in\n            <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n            may be regulated by feedback inhibition of \u03b3-glutamyl kinase (GK), the first enzyme of the proline biosynthesis pathway, encoded by the\n            <jats:italic>proB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Taking advantage of the\n            <jats:italic>Epicurian coli<\/jats:italic>\n            mutator strain XL1-Red, we performed random mutagenesis of the recently described\n            <jats:italic>proBA<\/jats:italic>\n            operon and generated three independent mutations in the listerial\n            <jats:italic>proB<\/jats:italic>\n            homologue, leading to proline overproduction and salt tolerance when expressed in an\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            (\u0394\n            <jats:italic>proBA<\/jats:italic>\n            ) background. While each of the mutations (located within a conserved 26-amino-acid region of GK) was shown to confer AZ resistance (AZ\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            ) on an\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes proBA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant, listerial transformants failed to exhibit the salt-tolerant phenotype observed in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . Since proline accumulation has previously been linked to the virulence potential of a number of pathogenic bacteria, we analyzed the effect of proline overproduction on\n            <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n            pathogenesis. However, our results suggest that as previously described for proline auxotrophy, proline hyperproduction has no apparent impact on the virulence potential of\n            <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.67.10.4560-4565.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:00:58Z","timestamp":1027764058000},"page":"4560-4565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Mutations in the Listerial\n            <i>proB<\/i>\n            Gene Leading to Proline Overproduction: Effects on Salt Tolerance and Murine Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Roy D.","family":"Sleator","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cormac G. M.","family":"Gahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Microbiology and National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumberg\nS.\nKlingel\nU.\nBiosynthesis of arginine proline and related compounds\nBacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive bacteria: biochemistry physiology and molecular Genetics.\nSonenshine\nA. L.\nHock\nJ. A.\nLosick\nR.\n1993\n299\n306\nAmerican Society for Microbiology\nWashington D. 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