{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:30:21Z","timestamp":1779208221813,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) caused by enterotoxigenic staphylococci is one of the main food-borne diseases. In contrast to<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, a systematic screening for the enterotoxins has not yet been performed on the genomic level for the coagulase-positive species<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>intermedius<\/jats:italic>. Therefore, the enterotoxigenic potential of 281 different veterinary (canine,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 247; equine,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 23; feline,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 9; other,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 2) and 11 human isolates of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>intermedius<\/jats:italic>was tested by using a multiplex PCR DNA-enzyme immunoassay system targeting the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes<jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>seb<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>sed<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>see<\/jats:italic>. Molecular results were compared by in vitro testing of enterotoxin production by two immunoassays. A total of 33 (11.3%)<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>intermedius<\/jats:italic>isolates, including 31 (12.6%) canine isolates, 1 equine isolate, and 1 human isolate, tested positive for the<jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>gene. In vitro production of the respective enterotoxins was detected in 30 (90.9%) of these isolates by using immunological tests. In contrast, none of 65 veterinary specimen-derived isolates additionally tested and comprising 13 (sub)species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be enterotoxigenic. This study shows on both molecular and immunological levels that a substantial number of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>intermedius<\/jats:italic>isolates harbor the potential for enterotoxin production. Since evidence for noninvasive zoonotic transmission of<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>intermedius<\/jats:italic>from animal hosts to humans has been documented, an enterotoxigenic role of this microorganism in SFP via contamination of food products may be assumed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.67.12.5551-5557.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:00:58Z","timestamp":1027764058000},"page":"5551-5557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Enterotoxigenic Potential of<i>Staphylococcus intermedius<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Karsten","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, 30173 Hannover,2 Germany, and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"von Eiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Bru\u0308ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Lubritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Etienne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Toxe\u0301mies a\u0300 Staphylocoques EA 1655, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301dicine R. T. H. Laennec, 69372 Lyon cedex, France3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Mu\u0308nster, 48149 Mu\u0308nster,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800052638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.14.303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(92)90006-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Enterotoxin production by strains of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dog infections.","volume":"264","author":"Almazan J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Almazan J. de la Fuente R. Gomez Luc\u0131\u0301a E. Su\u00e1rez G. Enterotoxin production by strains of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dog infections. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. A 264 1987 29 32","journal-title":"Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0303.970304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.1.4.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00377-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Barg N. L. Harris T. Toxin-mediated syndromes The staphylococci in human disease. Crossley K. B. Archer G. L. 1997 527 543 Churchill Livingstone New York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2548-2553.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-59.10.1123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Identification of the major coagulase-positive Staphylococcus sp. of dogs as Staphylococcus intermedius.","volume":"45","author":"Berg J. N.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Berg J. N. Wendell D. E. Vogelweid C. Fales W. H. Identification of the major coagulase-positive Staphylococcus sp. of dogs as Staphylococcus intermedius. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45 1984 1307 1309","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Bergdoll M. S. Enterotoxins Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections. Adlam C. Easmon C. S. F. 1983 559 598 Academic Press Ltd. London United Kingdom"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80789-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Berry P. R. Wieneke A. A. Rodhouse J. C. Gilbert R. J. Use of commercial kits for the detection of Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins Immunological techniques in microbiology. Grange J. M. Fox A. Morgan N. L. 1987 245 254 Blackwell Scientific Publications London United Kingdom"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins: a comparative study of their molecular biology.","volume":"55","author":"Betley M. J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Betley M. J. Borst D. W. Regassa L. B. Staphylococcal enterotoxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins: a comparative study of their molecular biology. Chem. Immunol. 55 1992 1 35","journal-title":"Chem. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.19.5.610-615.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826069708000072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419009105728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Bohach G. A. Foster T. J. Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins Gram-positive pathogens. Fischetti V. A. Novick R. P. Ferretti J. J. Portnoy D. A. Rood J. I. 2000 367 378 ASM Press Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00329830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.7.2249-2252.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1654-1660.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197103112841010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.213.02.232","article-title":"Comparison of production of Staphylococcus intermedius exotoxin among clinically normal dogs, atopic dogs with recurrent pyoderma, and dogs with a single episode of pyoderma.","volume":"213","author":"Burkett G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burkett G. Frank L. A. Comparison of production of Staphylococcus intermedius exotoxin among clinically normal dogs, atopic dogs with recurrent pyoderma, and dogs with a single episode of pyoderma. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 213 1998 232 234","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-60.8.923"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.8.4507-4510.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"747","article-title":"Temporal study of staphylococcal species on healthy dogs.","volume":"49","author":"Cox H. U.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cox H. U. Hoskins J. D. Newman S. S. Foil C. S. Turnwald G. H. Roy A. F. Temporal study of staphylococcal species on healthy dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 49 1988 747 751","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Crowle A. J. Immunodiffusion. 1961 Academic Press New York N.Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(85)90052-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1996.0486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.6.2346-2352.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1642-1645.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.6.1447-1451.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"Staphylococcus intermedius: current knowledge on a pathogen of veterinary importance.","volume":"40","author":"Greene R. T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Greene R. T. L\u00e4mmler C. Staphylococcus intermedius: current knowledge on a pathogen of veterinary importance. Zentbl. Veterin\u00e4rmed. B 40 1993 206 214","journal-title":"Zentbl. Veterin\u00e4rmed. B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-26-4-401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(88)90036-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1980.tb00037.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.1.669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jay J. M. Modern food microbiology 1996 429 450 Chapman & Hall New York N.Y","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-7473-6_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.3.411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(94)95276-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02112617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"317","article-title":"Endocarditis infecciosa por Staphylococcus intermedius en paciente infectado por VIH.","volume":"10","author":"Llorca I.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Llorca I. Gago S. Sanmartin J. Sanchez R. Endocarditis infecciosa por Staphylococcus intermedius en paciente infectado por VIH. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 10 1992 317 318","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.58.3.1067-1069.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2185544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp isolated from feline skin lesions.","volume":"193","author":"Medleau L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Medleau L. Blue J. L. Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp isolated from feline skin lesions. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 193 1988 1080 1081","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-48-3-1049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345910700070501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3337-3348.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1992.tb00851.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.58.8.2509-2512.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.18.4.789-792.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.5.1675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.3.504-506.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(96)01234-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"782","article-title":"Some observations on the assay of staphylococcal enterotoxin by the monkey-feeding test.","volume":"41","author":"Surgalla M. J.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Surgalla M. J. Bergdoll M. S. Dack G. M. Some observations on the assay of staphylococcal enterotoxin by the monkey-feeding test. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 41 1953 782 788","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.1.78-81.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.10.2393-.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.4.1628-1631.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(89)90099-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.5.1323-1326.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.9.2508-2510.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1605(96)00952-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13278.x"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5551-5557.2001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5551-5557.2001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:02:02Z","timestamp":1704499322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5551-5557.2001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.67.12.5551-5557.2001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.67.12.5551-5557.2001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-06-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-09-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}