{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:20:12Z","timestamp":1790371212465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the submersible JAGO and by scuba diving we discovered three remarkable geothermal cones, rising 33, 25, and 45 m from the seafloor at a depth of 65 m in Eyjafjordur, northern Iceland. The greatest geothermal activity was on the highest cone, which discharged up to 50 liters of freshwater per s at 72\u00b0C and pH 10.0. The cones were built up from precipitated smectite, formed by mixing of the hot SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-rich geothermal fluid with the cold Mg-rich seawater. By connecting a rubber hose to one outflow, about 240 liters of pure geothermal fluids was concentrated through a 0.2-\u03bcm-pore-size filter. Among 50 thermophilic isolates, we found members of<jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Thermonema<\/jats:italic>and a new unidentified low-G+C gram-positive member of the<jats:italic>Bacteria<\/jats:italic>as well as one member of the<jats:italic>Archaea<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Desulfurococcus mobilis<\/jats:italic>. Analysis of small-subunit rRNA genes PCR amplified and cloned directly from environmental DNA showed that 41 out of 45<jats:italic>Bacteria<\/jats:italic>sequences belonged to members of the<jats:italic>Aquificales<\/jats:italic>, whereas all of the 10<jats:italic>Archaea<\/jats:italic>sequences belonged to the<jats:italic>Korarchaeota<\/jats:italic>. The physiological characteristics of isolates from different parts of the cones indicate a completely freshwater habitat, supporting the possibility of subterranean transmittance of terrestrial organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.67.2.827-833.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:03:59Z","timestamp":1027764239000},"page":"827-833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Discovery and Description of Giant Submarine Smectite Cones on the Seafloor in Eyjafjordur, Northern Iceland, and a Novel Thermal Microbial Habitat"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Viggo\u0301 Tho\u0301r","family":"Marteinsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Prokaria Ltd., 112 Reykjav\u0131\u0301k,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob K.","family":"Kristja\u0301nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Prokaria Ltd., 112 Reykjav\u0131\u0301k,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Institute of Biology, University of Iceland,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrefna","family":"Kristmannsdo\u0301ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Orkustofnun,3 108 Reykjav\u0131\u0301k, Iceland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dahlkvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Institute of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden4;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristja\u0301n","family":"S\u00e6mundsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Orkustofnun,3 108 Reykjav\u0131\u0301k, Iceland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hannington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A0E8, Canada5;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So\u0301lveig K.","family":"Pe\u0301tursdo\u0301ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Prokaria Ltd., 112 Reykjav\u0131\u0301k,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Geptner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 109017 Moscow, Russia6; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Stoffers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Institut fu\u0308r Geowissenschaften, Universita\u0308t Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfredsson G. 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