{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:03:48Z","timestamp":1790089428951,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            , an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. We performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            . A PCR-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 111) collected from September 1996 to July 1998 from three areas in lower New York State. Southern analysis revealed 22 fecal samples containing\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA; these included 10 of 91 white-tailed deer (\n            <jats:italic>Odocoileus virginianus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) samples, 3 of 5 chipmunk (\n            <jats:italic>Tamias striatus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) samples, 1 of 2 white-footed mouse (\n            <jats:italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) samples, 1 of 2 striped skunk (\n            <jats:italic>Mephitis mephitis<\/jats:italic>\n            ) samples, 1 of 5 racoon (\n            <jats:italic>Procyon lotor<\/jats:italic>\n            ) samples, and 6 of 6 muskrat (\n            <jats:italic>Ondatra zibethicus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) samples. All of the 15 SSU PCR products sequenced were characterized as\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            ; two were identical to genotype 2 (bovine), whereas the remainder belonged to two novel SSU sequence groups, designated genotypes 3 and 4. Genotype 3 comprised four deer-derived sequences, whereas genotype 4 included nine sequences from deer, mouse, chipmunk, and muskrat samples. PCR analysis was performed on the SSU-positive fecal samples for three other\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            loci (dihydrofolate reductase, polythreonine-rich protein, and beta-tubulin), and 8 of 10 cloned PCR products were consistent with\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            genotype 2. These data provide evidence that there is sylvatic transmission of\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            involving deer and other small mammals. This study affirmed the importance of wildlife as potential sources of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            in the catchments of public water supplies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.67.3.1154-1162.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:03:59Z","timestamp":1027764239000},"page":"1154-1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["<i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n            Infection Involving Novel Genotypes in Wildlife from Lower New York State"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Perz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie M.","family":"Le Blancq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032,1 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, Columbia University, New York, New York 100272"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08195.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Ausubel\nF. 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