{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T08:48:47Z","timestamp":1789548527605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To further develop genetic techniques for the enteropathogen\n            <jats:italic>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n            , the\n            <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene of this spirochete was isolated from a \u03bbZAPII library of strain B204 genomic DNA and sequenced. The putative protein encoded by this gene exhibited up to 55% amino acid sequence identity with GyrB proteins of various bacterial species, including other spirochetes.\n            <jats:italic>B. hyodysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n            coumermycin A\n            <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n            -resistant (Cn\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            ) mutant strains, both spontaneous and UV induced, were isolated by plating B204 cells onto Trypticase soy blood agar plates containing 0.5 \u03bcg of coumermycin A\n            <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n            \/ml. The coumermycin A\n            <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n            MICs were 25 to 100 \u03bcg\/ml for the resistant strains and 0.1 to 0.25 \u03bcg\/ml for strain B204. Four Cn\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            strains had single nucleotide changes in their\n            <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n            genes, corresponding to GyrB amino acid changes of Gly\n            <jats:sub>78<\/jats:sub>\n            to Ser (two strains), Gly\n            <jats:sub>78<\/jats:sub>\n            to Cys, and Thr\n            <jats:sub>166<\/jats:sub>\n            to Ala. When Cn\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            strain 435A (Gly\n            <jats:sub>78<\/jats:sub>\n            to Ser) and Cm\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            Km\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            strain SH (\u0394\n            <jats:italic>flaA1<\/jats:italic>\n            ::\n            <jats:italic>cat<\/jats:italic>\n            \u0394\n            <jats:italic>nox<\/jats:italic>\n            ::\n            <jats:italic>kan<\/jats:italic>\n            ) were cultured together in brain heart infusion broth containing 10% (vol\/vol) heat-treated (56\u00b0C, 30 min) calf serum, cells resistant to chloramphenicol, coumermycin A\n            <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n            , and kanamycin could be isolated from the cocultures after overnight incubation, but such cells could not be isolated from monocultures of either strain. Seven Cn\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            Km\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            Cm\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            strains were tested and were determined to have resistance genotypes of both strain 435A and strain SH. Cn\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            Km\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            Cm\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            cells could not be isolated when antiserum to the bacteriophage-like agent VSH-1 was added to cocultures, and the numbers of resistant cells increased fivefold when mitomycin C, an inducer of VSH-1 production, was added. These results indicate that coumermycin resistance associated with a\n            <jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>\n            mutation is a useful selection marker for monitoring gene exchange between\n            <jats:italic>B. hyodysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n            cells. Gene transfer readily occurs between\n            <jats:italic>B. hyodysenteriae<\/jats:italic>\n            cells in broth culture, a finding with practical importance. VSH-1 is the likely mechanism for gene transfer.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.67.5.2037-2043.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:00:58Z","timestamp":1027764058000},"page":"2037-2043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>Brachyspira<\/i>\n            (\n            <i>Serpulina<\/i>\n            )\n            <i>hyodysenteriae gyrB<\/i>\n            Mutants and Interstrain Transfer of Coumermycin A\n            <sub>1<\/sub>\n            Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Thaddeus B.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric G.","family":"Matson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Microbiology, Iowa State University,2 Ames, Iowa 50010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel B.","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Diseases Research, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service,1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.2906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5\/6<323::AID-JOBM323>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4028(199811)38:5\/6<313::AID-JOBM313>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(92)90085-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00886.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.1.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.7.1639-1643.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.20.5700-5705.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(00)00254-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Hampson\nD. 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