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Neutralizing antigenicity analysis with monoclonal antibodies and estimation of neurovirulence by mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) were performed for 13 type 1 strains of these isolates. The isolates were classified into three groups. Group I (five strains) had a variant type of antigenicity and neurovirulent phenotype. Group II (four strains) had the vaccine type of antigenicity and neurovirulent phenotype. Group III (four strains) had the vaccine type of antigenicity and an attenuated phenotype. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the virulent isolates were neutralized by human sera obtained after oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) administration, and the sera of rats immunized with inactivated poliovirus vaccine. Although vaccination was effective against virulent polioviruses, virulent viruses will continue to exist in the environment as long as OPV is in use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.1.138-142.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:03:59Z","timestamp":1027764239000},"page":"138-142","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neurovirulence of Type 1 Polioviruses Isolated from Sewage in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Horie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Kumegawa 5-34-4, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0003"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromu","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Nakataikoyama, Kosugi-machi, Imizu-gun, Toyama 939-0363, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miwako","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Kumegawa 5-34-4, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0003"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Kumegawa 5-34-4, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0003"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Nakataikoyama, Kosugi-machi, Imizu-gun, Toyama 939-0363, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Kumegawa 5-34-4, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0003"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Poliomyelitis Research Institute, Kumegawa 5-34-4, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0003"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.Supplement_1.S176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Morb. 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