{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:19:37Z","timestamp":1791202777782,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,1]],"date-time":"2002-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1009843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fecal samples were taken from wild ducks on the lower Rio Grande River around Las Cruces, N. Mex., from September 2000 to January 2001.<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>cysts and<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>oocysts were purified from 69 samples by sucrose enrichment followed by cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient centrifugation and were viewed via fluorescent-antibody (FA) staining. For some samples, recovered cysts and oocysts were further screened via PCR to determine the presence of<jats:italic>Giardia lamblia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Crytosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>. The results of this study indicate that 49% of the ducks were carriers of<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>, and the<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>oocyst concentrations ranged from 0 to 2,182 oocysts per g of feces (mean \u00b1 standard deviation, 47.53 \u00b1 270.3 oocysts per g); also, 28% of the ducks were positive for<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>, and the<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>cyst concentrations ranged from 0 to 29,293 cysts per g of feces (mean \u00b1 standard deviation, 436 \u00b1 3,525.4 cysts per g). Of the 69 samples, only 14 had (oo)cyst concentrations that were above the PCR detection limit. Samples did test positive for<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>sp. However,<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>G. lamblia<\/jats:italic>were not detected in any of the 14 samples tested by PCR. Ducks on their southern migration through southern New Mexico were positive for<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>as determined by FA staining, but<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>G. lamblia<\/jats:italic>were not detected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.1.161-165.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:03:59Z","timestamp":1027764239000},"page":"161-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Occurrence of<i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>and<i>Giardia<\/i>in Wild Ducks along the Rio Grande River Valley in Southern New Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Channah M.","family":"Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin H.","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Proceedings of the Water Quality Technology Conference 1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000077714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Waterfowl in winter 1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Waterfowl in winter 1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05326.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-27.4.543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05608.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00934383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603129109356714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.131.12.267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.9.3234-3237.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.1997.tb00149.x","volume":"2","year":"1997","unstructured":"Graczyk, T. M., M. R. Cranfield, R. Fayer, J. Trout, and H. J. Goodale. 1997. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts is retained upon intestinal passage through a migratory waterfowl species (Canada goose, Branta canadensis). Trop. Med. Int. Health2:341\u2013347.","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"2736","volume":"64","year":"1998","unstructured":"Graczyk, T. M., R. Fayer, J. M. Trout, E. J. Lewis, C. A. Farley, I. Sulaiman, and A. A. Lal. 1998. Giardia sp. cysts and infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in the feces of migratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Appl. Environ. Microbiol.64:2736\u20132738.","journal-title":"cysts and infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in the feces of migratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis). Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.10.2790-2795.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009841099157728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.45.688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Cryptosproidiosis of man and animals 1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407213310304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.1.74-78.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.6.2081-2085.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. 1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(87)90071-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)E0059-V"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(94)00271-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.1.106-114.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(55)80025-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(96)00387-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"401","volume":"114","year":"1997","unstructured":"Uperoft, J. A., P. A. McDonnell, A. N. Gallagher, N. Chen, and P. Uperoft. 1997. Lethal Giardia from a wild caught sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) established in vitro chronically infects mice. Parasitology114:401\u2013412.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"281","volume":"14","year":"1998","unstructured":"Uperoft, J. A., P. A. McDonnell, and P. Uperoft. 1998. Virulent avian Giardia duodenalis pathogenic for mice. Parisitol. Today14:281\u2013284.","journal-title":"Today"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","unstructured":"Waterfowl population status 2000 2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","unstructured":"Waterfowl population status 1999 1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","unstructured":"Administrative report 2000"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.68.1.161-165.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.68.1.161-165.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:17:16Z","timestamp":1704500236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.68.1.161-165.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.68.1.161-165.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.68.1.161-165.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-05-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}