{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T23:42:10Z","timestamp":1792539730012,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Evidence for the horizontal transfer of a pathogenicity island (PAI) carrying the virulence gene\n            <jats:italic>nec1<\/jats:italic>\n            and flanking sequences among\n            <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n            strains in the Diastatochromogenes cluster is presented. Plant-pathogenic, thaxtomin-producing\n            <jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, previously classified as\n            <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n            based on the conventionally used phenotypic characteristics, were found to be genetically distinct from the type strain of\n            <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n            based on DNA relatedness and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Pairwise DNA-DNA hybridizations between some of these strains and the\n            <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n            type strain were as low as 36%, a value much below what is conventionally accepted for species identity (70%). The sequence of the\n            <jats:italic>nec1<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, however, was identical in all the\n            <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n            -like strains tested, irrespective of their DNA relatedness to the type strain of\n            <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n            , their geographic origin, or the isolation host. Furthermore, a 26-kb DNA fragment including and flanking\n            <jats:italic>nec1<\/jats:italic>\n            was also conserved among these strains based on restriction and Southern analyses. These data indicate that the etiology of potato scab is more complex than previously recognized; this result has important implications for potato scab management strategies. Previous research has suggested that horizontal transfer of a PAI was the mechanism for evolution of pathogenicity in\n            <jats:italic>S. acidiscabies<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>S. turgidiscabies<\/jats:italic>\n            , species that lie outside of the Diastatochromogenes cluster. Data presented here support this model and indicate that PAI transfer also has occurred frequently in species closely related to\n            <jats:italic>S. scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.2.738-744.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,26]],"date-time":"2003-02-26T15:22:46Z","timestamp":1046272966000},"page":"738-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Horizontal Transfer of the Plant Virulence Gene,\n            <i>nec1<\/i>\n            , and Flanking Sequences among Genetically Distinct\n            <i>Streptomyces<\/i>\n            Strains in the Diastatochromogenes Cluster"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"R. 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