{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:56:49Z","timestamp":1784750209292,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The strain\n            <jats:italic>Burkholderia cepacia<\/jats:italic>\n            G4 aerobically mineralized trichloroethene (TCE) to CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            over a time period of \u223c20 h. Three biodegradation experiments were conducted with different bacterial optical densities at 540 nm (OD\n            <jats:sub>540<\/jats:sub>\n            s) in order to test whether isotope fractionation was consistent. The resulting TCE degradation was 93, 83.8, and 57.2% (i.e., 7.0, 16.2, and 42.8% TCE remaining) at OD\n            <jats:sub>540<\/jats:sub>\n            s of 2.0, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively. ODs also correlated linearly with zero-order degradation rates (1.99, 1.11, and 0.64 \u03bcmol h\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ). While initial nonequilibrium mass losses of TCE produced only minor carbon isotope shifts (expressed in per mille \u03b4\n            <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n            C\n            <jats:sub>VPDB<\/jats:sub>\n            ), they were 57.2, 39.6, and 17.0\u2030 between the initial and final TCE levels for the three experiments, in decreasing order of their OD\n            <jats:sub>540<\/jats:sub>\n            s. Despite these strong isotope shifts, we found a largely uniform isotope fractionation. The latter is expressed with a Rayleigh enrichment factor, \u03b5, and was \u221218.2 when all experiments were grouped to a common point of 42.8% TCE remaining. Although, decreases of \u03b5 to \u221220.7 were observed near complete degradation, our enrichment factors were significantly more negative than those reported for anaerobic dehalogenation of TCE. This indicates typical isotope fractionation for specific enzymatic mechanisms that can help to differentiate between degradation pathways.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.4.1728-1734.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1027763980000},"page":"1728-1734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Carbon Isotope Fractionation during Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethene by\n            <i>Burkholderia cepacia<\/i>\n            G4: a Tool To Map Degradation Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Johannes A. C.","family":"Barth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0QF, Scotland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schu\u0308th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Geology Group, Geological Institute, University of Tu\u0308bingen, D-72076 Tu\u0308bingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Bill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science, University of California, Berkeley, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Downey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Kalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Questor Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0231(20000815)14:15<1316::AID-RCM933>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00057-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00274-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es991179k"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008375213687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00058-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.8.2287-2292.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.6.1911-1918.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00063-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00062-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoefs J. 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