{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1790272500108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,1]],"date-time":"2002-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            This study evaluated the efficacy of UV irradiation on the inactivation of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            oocysts in fresh apple cider. Cider was inoculated with oocysts and exposed to 14.32 mJ of UV irradiation\/cm\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            . Oocyst viability was assessed with the gamma interferon gene knockout (GKO) mouse and infant BALB\/cByJ mouse models. All GKO mice challenged with UV-treated cider demonstrated no morbidity or mortality, and infant BALB\/c mice challenged with treated cider were negative for the presence of\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            . In contrast, the GKO mice challenged with non-UV-treated inoculated cider died and the parasite was detected in the ileums of all challenged infant mice. This study shows that UV irradiation can be used to inactivate\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            in fresh apple cider.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.8.4168-4172.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T19:36:19Z","timestamp":1033500979000},"page":"4168-4172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Inactivation of\n            <i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>\n            Oocysts in Fresh Apple Cider by UV Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"D. E.","family":"Hanes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"Worobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University Department of Food Science and Technology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. H.","family":"Burr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Miliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Robl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Bier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Arrowood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Churey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University Department of Food Science and Technology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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