{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:40:26Z","timestamp":1791312026727,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Anhydrobiotic engineering aims to increase the level of desiccation tolerance in sensitive organisms to that observed in true anhydrobiotes. In addition to a suitable extracellular drying excipient, a key factor for anhydrobiotic engineering of gram-negative enterobacteria seems to be the generation of high intracellular concentrations of the nonreducing disaccharide trehalose, which can be achieved by osmotic induction. In the soil bacterium\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas putida<\/jats:italic>\n            KT2440, however, only limited amounts of trehalose are naturally accumulated in defined high-osmolarity medium, correlating with relatively poor survival of desiccated cultures. Based on the enterobacterial model, it was proposed that increasing intracellular trehalose concentration in\n            <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n            KT2440 should improve survival. Using genetic engineering techniques, intracellular trehalose concentrations were obtained which were similar to or greater than those in enterobacteria, but this did not translate into improved desiccation tolerance. Therefore, at least for some populations of microorganisms, trehalose does not appear to provide full protection against desiccation damage, even when present at high concentrations both inside and outside the cell. For\n            <jats:italic>P. putida<\/jats:italic>\n            KT2440, it was shown that this was not due to a natural limit in desiccation tolerance since successful anhydrobiotic engineering was achieved by use of a different drying excipient, hydroxyectoine, with osmotically preconditioned bacteria for which 40 to 60% viability was maintained over extended periods (up to 42 days) in the dry state. Hydroxyectoine therefore has considerable potential for the improvement of desiccation tolerance in sensitive microorganisms, particularly for those recalcitrant to trehalose.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.9.4328-4333.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]],"date-time":"2002-08-28T21:43:24Z","timestamp":1030571004000},"page":"4328-4333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Hydroxyectoine Is Superior to Trehalose for Anhydrobiotic Engineering of\n            <i>Pseudomonas putida<\/i>\n            KT2440"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Manzanera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Garci\u0301a de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"T\u00f8ndervik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rayner-Brandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Chemicals Ltd., Newport NP10 8UL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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