{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:24:14Z","timestamp":1792175054268,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We describe the isolation and characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia monacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov. (type strain, IrR\/Munich\n                    <jats:sup>T<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) from an\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    tick collected in a city park, the English Garden in Munich, Germany. Rickettsiae were propagated in vitro with\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell line ISE6. BLAST analysis of the 16S rRNA, the citrate synthase, and the partial 190-kDa rickettsial outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) gene sequences demonstrated that the isolate was a spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia closely related to several yet-to-be-cultivated rickettsiae associated with\n                    <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Phylogenetic analysis of partial\n                    <jats:italic>rompA<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences demonstrated that the isolate was genotypically different from other validated species of SFG rickettsiae.\n                    <jats:italic>R. monacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    also replicated in cell lines derived from the ticks\n                    <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (IRE11) and\n                    <jats:italic>Dermacentor andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    (DAE100) and in the mammalian cell lines L-929 and Vero, causing cell lysis. Transmission electron microscopy of infected ISE6 and Vero cells showed rickettsiae within the cytoplasm, pseudopodia, nuclei, and vacuoles. Hamsters inoculated with\n                    <jats:italic>R. monacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    had immunoglobulin G antibody titers as high as 1:16,384, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Western blot analyses demonstrated that the hamster sera cross-reacted with peptides from other phylogenetically distinct rickettsiae, including rOmpA.\n                    <jats:italic>R. monacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced actin tails in both tick and mammalian cells similar to those reported for\n                    <jats:italic>R. rickettsii. R. monacensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    joins a growing list of SFG rickettsiae that colonize ticks but whose infectivity and pathogenicity for vertebrates are unknown.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.9.4559-4566.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]],"date-time":"2002-08-28T17:43:24Z","timestamp":1030556604000},"page":"4559-4566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["<i>Rickettsia monacensis<\/i>\n                    sp. nov., a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia, from Ticks (\n                    <i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i>\n                    ) Collected in a European City Park"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Simser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann T.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Fingerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max von Pettenkofer-Institut fu\u0308r Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Wilske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max von Pettenkofer-Institut fu\u0308r Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Kurtti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike G.","family":"Munderloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.1.167-171.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.171.9.5199-5201.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-3-521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0402.980221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"357","volume":"36","year":"1979","unstructured":"Burgdorfer, W., A. 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