{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:21:46Z","timestamp":1792858906698,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            is an emerging environmental pathogen which causes chronic skin ulcers (i.e., Buruli ulcer) in otherwise healthy humans living in tropical countries, particularly those in Africa. In spite of epidemiological and PCR data linking\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            to water, the mode of transmission of this organism remains elusive. To determine the role of aquatic insects in the transmission of\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            , we have set up an experimental model with aquariums that mimic aquatic microenvironments. We report that\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            may be transmitted to laboratory mice by the bite of aquatic bugs (Naucoridae) that are infected with this organism. In addition,\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            appears to be localized exclusively within salivary glands of these insects, where it can both survive and multiply without causing any observable damage in the insect tissues. Subsequently, we isolated\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            from wild aquatic insects collected from a zone in the Daloa region of Ivory Coast where Buruli ulcer is endemic. Taken together, these results point to aquatic insects as a possible vector of\n            <jats:italic>M. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.68.9.4623-4628.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]],"date-time":"2002-08-28T21:43:24Z","timestamp":1030571004000},"page":"4623-4628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":297,"title":["Aquatic Insects as a Vector for\n            <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Marsollier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie-Hygie\u0300ne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Robert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU, 49033 Angers, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculte\u0301 de Pharmacie, 49000 Angers"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Aubry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U.463, Institut de Biologie &amp; Faculte\u0301 de Pharmacie, 44035 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Saint Andre\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Pathologique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Kouakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie, Institut Raoul Follereau, Adzope\u0301, Ivory Coast"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Legras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie-Hygie\u0300ne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Lise","family":"Manceau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie-Hygie\u0300ne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chetaou","family":"Mahaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie-Hygie\u0300ne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Carbonnelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bacte\u0301riologie-Virologie-Hygie\u0300ne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Asiedu K. R. Sherpbier and M. C. Raviglione. 2000. Buruli ulcer Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. WHO Global Buruli Ulcer initiative. Report 2000. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.3.495-503.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"272","volume":"86","year":"1993","unstructured":"Darie, H., T. Le Guyadec, and J. E. Touze. 1993. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Buruli ulcer in Ivory Coast: 124 recent cases. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.86:272-276. (In French.)","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"212","volume":"85","year":"1992","unstructured":"De Gentile, P. L., C. Mahaza, F. Rolland, B. Carbonnelle, J. L. Verret, and D. Chabasse. 1992. Cutaneous ulcer from Mycobacterium ulcerans. Apropos of 1 case in French Guyana. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.85:212-214. (In French.)","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. 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