{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:57:01Z","timestamp":1791284221792,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Little information regarding the effectiveness of UV radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. Analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses' infectivity. The inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (AD40), coliphage MS-2, and feline calicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, were determined after exposure to low-pressure UV radiation in buffered demand-free (BDF) water at room temperature. In addition, UV disinfection experiments were also carried out in treated groundwater with FCV and AD40. AD40 was more resistant than either FCV or coliphage MS-2 in both BDF water and groundwater. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in BDF water were 109, 55, and 16 mJ\/cm\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            , respectively. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in groundwater were slightly lower than those in BDF water. FCV was inactivated by 99% by 13 mJ\/cm\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            in treated groundwater. A dose of 103 mJ\/cm\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            was required for 99% inactivation of AD40 in treated groundwater. The results of this study indicate that if FCV is an adequate surrogate for human caliciviruses, then their inactivation by UV radiation is similar to those of other single-stranded RNA enteric viruses, such as poliovirus. In addition, AD40 appears to be more resistant to UV disinfection than previously reported.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.69.1.577-582.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,3]],"date-time":"2003-01-03T22:02:44Z","timestamp":1041631364000},"page":"577-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":229,"title":["Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Adenovirus Type 40 by UV Radiation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jeanette A.","family":"Thurston-Enriquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0934"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science, Engineering and Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jacangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montgomery Watson Harza, Lovettsville, Virginia 20180"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelley","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles P.","family":"Gerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Adams M. H. 1959. Bacteriophages. Interscience Publishers Inc. New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"American Public Health Association. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 20th ed. American Public Health Association Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"ANSI\/NSF. 2002. Ultraviolet microbiological water treatment systems. NSF International Ann Arbor Mich."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"339","volume":"27","year":"1993","unstructured":"Battigelli, D. A., M. D. Sobsey, and D. C. Lobe. 1993. The inactivation of hepatitis A virus and other model viruses by UV irradiation. Water Sci. Technol.27:339-342.","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-18-1-51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90037-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(95)00070-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1968.10665321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"345","volume":"31","year":"1995","unstructured":"Genthe, B., M. Gericke, B. Bateman, N. Mjoli, and R. Kfir. 1995. Detection of enteric adenoviruses in South African waters using gene probes. Water Sci. Technol.31:345-350.","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Gerba C. P. 2000. Disinfection p. 543-556. In R. M. Maier I. L. Pepper and C. P. Gerba (ed.) Environmental microbiology. Academic Press San Diego Calif."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(92)90047-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Hanzon B. D. and R. Vigilia. 1999. Two experts offer practical guidance in designing and operating ultraviolet disinfection systems. Water Environ. Technol. 11: 35-42."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"421","volume":"34","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hara, J., S. Okamoto, Y. Minekawa, K. Yamazaki, and T. Kase. 1990. Survival and disinfection of adenovirus type-19 and enterovirus-70 in ophthalmic practice. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol.34:421-427.","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Harm W. 1980. Biological effects of ultraviolet radiation. Cambridge University Press Cambridge United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"347","volume":"24","year":"1991","unstructured":"Havelaar, A. H., T. J. Nieuwstad, C. C. E. Meulemans, and M. Vanolphen. 1991. F-specific RNA bacteriophages as model viruses in UV disinfection of wastewater. Water Sci. Technol.24:347-352.","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.19.5.805-812.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Horwitz M. S. 1996. Adenoviruses p. 2149-2171. In B. N. Fields D. M. Knipe and P. M. Howley (ed.) Fields virology 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven Publishers Philadelphia Pa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02660.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kallenbach N. R. P. A. Cornelius D. Negus D. Montgomerie and S. Englander. 1989. Inactivation of viruses by ultraviolet light p. 70-82. In J. J. Morgenthaler (ed.) Virus inactivation in plasma products vol. 56. Karger Basel Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1159\/000416558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(96)00179-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(98)93414-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philipson L. 1984. Adenovirus assembly. Plenum Press New York N.Y.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-7935-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.8.2963-2970.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(85)90374-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(71)90355-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268898001290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02245.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"10273","volume":"63","year":"1998","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Announcement of the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List: notice. Fed. Regist.63:10273-10287.","journal-title":"Fed. Regist."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(62)90124-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00076a001"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.69.1.577-582.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.69.1.577-582.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T13:54:55Z","timestamp":1645624495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.69.1.577-582.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.69.1.577-582.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.69.1.577-582.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-06-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-09-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}