{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:35:44Z","timestamp":1789061744337,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,1]],"date-time":"2003-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1064966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Currently available detectors for spores of\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            , the causative agent of anthrax, are inadequate for frontline use and general monitoring. There is a critical need for simple, rugged, and inexpensive detectors capable of accurate and direct identification of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores. Necessary components in such detectors are stable ligands that bind tightly and specifically to target spores. By screening a phage display peptide library, we identified a family of peptides, with the consensus sequence TYPXPXR, that bind selectively to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores. We extended this work by identifying a peptide variant, ATYPLPIR, with enhanced ability to bind to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores and an additional peptide, SLLPGLP, that preferentially binds to spores of species phylogenetically similar to, but distinct from,\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            . These two peptides were used in tandem in simple assays to rapidly and unambiguously identify\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores. We envision that these peptides can be used as sensors in economical and portable\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spore detectors that are essentially free of false-positive signals due to other environmental\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            spores.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.69.10.6288-6293.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,7]],"date-time":"2003-10-07T00:30:32Z","timestamp":1065486632000},"page":"6288-6293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Species-Specific Peptide Ligands for the Detection of\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            Spores"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"David D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orsolya","family":"Benedek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Charles L.","family":"Turnbough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00608.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2897-2902.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(02)00282-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1504","volume":"26","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gerhardt, P. 1967. Cytology of Bacillus anthracis. Fed. Proc.26:1504-1517.","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.12.3394-3406.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Hermanson G. T. 1995. Bioconjugate techniques. Academic Press San Diego Calif."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.1.593-599.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.18.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(99)00039-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Knurr J. O. Benedek J. Heslop R. B. Vinson J. A. Boydston J. McAndrew J. F. Kearney and C. L. Turnbough Jr. Peptide ligands that bind selectively to spores of Bacillus subtilis and closely related species. Appl. Environ. 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